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Hyphae

The filamentous structures that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

Mycelium

The network of hyphae that forms the vegetative part of a fungus.

Septate

Referring to hyphae that are divided into compartments by septa.

Aseptate

Referring to hyphae that do not have septa and are multinucleate.

Plasmogamy

The fusion of the cytoplasm of two parent mycelia.

Dikaryotic

A stage in fungal reproduction where two nuclei coexist in a single cell.

Karyogamy

The fusion of nuclei from two parent cells.

Ascocarp

The fruiting body of ascomycete fungi.

Basidiocarp

The fruiting body of basidiomycete fungi.

Conidia

Asexual spores produced by fungi.

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots.

Lichen

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner.

Alternation of Generations

The life cycle of plants and some algae that alternates between haploid and diploid stages.

Gametophyte

The haploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

The diploid phase of the plant life cycle that produces spores.

Archegonium

The female reproductive structure in plants that produces eggs.

Antheridium

The male reproductive structure in plants that produces sperm.

Sporangium

A structure in fungi and plants where spores are produced.

Sori

Clusters of sporangia found on the undersides of fern leaves.

Prothallus

The gametophyte stage of ferns.

Rhizome

A horizontal underground stem that can produce new shoots.

Homosporous

Producing spores of one kind.

Heterosporous

Producing spores of two different kinds.