Chapter 1: American Government and Civic Engagement

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22 Terms

1
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common goods

goods that all people may use but that are of limited supply (such as fish in the sea and clean drinking water)

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democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

3
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direct democracy

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

4
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elite theory

claims political power rests in the hands of a small, elite group of people

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government

the means by which a society organizes itself and allocates authority in order to accomplish collective goals

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ideology

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

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intense preferences

beliefs and preferences based on strong feelings regarding an issue that someone adheres to over time

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latent preferences

beliefs and preferences people are not deeply committed to and that change over time

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majority rule

A fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. In a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires that the majority's desire be respected.

10
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minority rights

A principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities.

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monarchy

A government in which power is in the hands of a single person

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oligarchy

A form of government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite.

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partisanship

Government action based on firm allegiance to a political party

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pluralist theory

claims political power rests in the hands of groups of people

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political power

influence over a government's institutions, leadership, or policies

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politics

Method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government (who gets what, when, and how)

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private goods

goods provided by private businesses that can be used only by those who pay for them

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public goods

goods provided by government that anyone can use and that are available to all without charge (such as public education and national security)

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representative democracy

A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people.

20
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social capital

connections with others and the willingness to interact and aid them

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toll good

a good that is available to many people but is used only by those who can pay the price to do so

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totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)