1.1 The energy of interaction between two molecules is determined by noncovalent interactions

Glycans

_______ = carbohydrates

linear

DNA, RNA and proteins are different from glycans because they are ___ polymers

branch

linear polymers—that is, the polymer chain does not _____, as it does in glycans

distance

The energy of two molecules varies as a function of the ______ between them

interact

At large distances, the molecules do not _____ with each other and the energy is at a reference value (arbitrarily set to zero)

attract, minimal

As the molecules move closer together, the energy decreases if the molecules _____ each other, until it is _____ at an optimal interaction distance

energy

The atoms in the two molecules begin to collide at shorter distances than optimal and the ___ goes up sharply

pairwise

"____ interactions" refers to the forces or interactions that occur between only two molecules or atoms at a time, considering only the influence of one particle on another without taking into account the effects of surrounding particles;

summing

The energy of interaction between two molecules can be calculated by ________ up the interaction energies between pair-wise combinations of atoms in the two molecules

Noncovalent

_______ interactions are interactions between atoms that are not covalently bonded to each other.

Noncovalent

_______ interactions can be attractive or repulsive,

transient

A "_____ charge" in chemistry refers to a temporary, short-lived charge separation or distribution that occurs within a molecule or system during a chemical reaction, often created by an external stimulus like light or an electrical pulse, and quickly disappears once the stimulus is removed

charges

Noncovalent interactions arise from interactions between transient or stable _____ on atoms

weak, collisions, temperature

Compared with covalent interactions, noncovalent interactions are ___ and can form or break during molecular _____ and vibrations at room _____, as shown in Figure 1.4.

electrons

Covalent bonds, in which ______ are shared between the atoms

strong, together

Covalent bonds are so ____ that atoms that are held together in this way stay ____ through all of the fluctuations and collisions that occur when two molecules interact with each other at room temperature.

Electrostatic

______ interaction (van der Waals interaction): The attractive or repulsive interaction between objects having electric charges

covalent

If a water molecule collides with an amino acid on a protein, this results in a conformational change of the AA without breaking _____ bonds

break

If two amino acids on a protein have opposite charge and attract each other electrostatically, collisions with water molecules will _____ such a noncovalent interaction at room temperature