Visual Literacy Exam #2

Drawing

works largely made up of lines that can build up areas of different values

Graphite

shiny black carbon encased in wood, forming a pencil

Metalpoint

drawing tool with metals

Charcoal

burned wood

Crayon

powdered pigments mixed with wax

Pastel

same powdered pigments as with crayon, but with hardly any binder

Chalk

soft colored limestones

Pen and Ink

use of liquid ink to produce a drawing

Pen and Brush

use of liquid ink applied with brushes

Collage

application of different cut papers glued unto a surface

Painting

use of pigments to create a wide range of colored areas

Binder

something that binds the powders and makes them stick to the surface

Encaustic

pigments mixed with hot wax

Fresco

a wall painting technique, which involves pigments, water and plaster

Tempera

pigments mixed with egg yolk

Oil

pigments mixed with oil

Watercolor

pigments mixed with water unto a paper

Gouache

watercolor mixed with pigment to make the colors opaque

Acrylic

a 20th century medium where the pigments are chemically produced and mixed with water

Prints

imprints of a worked matrix, on which ink is applied and then a paper is pushed against to absorb the ink

Relief

any printing method in which the image to be printed is raised from the background

Woodcut

a print of an image that has been carved in wood

Linocut

images cut, carved, or engraved on linoleum to make a print

Intaglio

printing method that makes indentations on a metal plate where ink goes in and picked up by paper for imprints

Engraving

technique where incisions are mode unto a metal plate to create a duplicate print

Drypoint

engraving technique where a needle is used to make incisions unto a metal plate (when the metal surface is cut, the ends get lifted and curve outward- this shape is called a burr)

Mezzotint

creates a series of burrs on the top of the surface and then cuts the burrs to produce different values (a tool called a rocker is used to make line incisions)

Etching

cutting unto the plate done using acid (the metal plate is first covered by wax and then a needle is used to draw, exposing the metal underneath)

Aquatint

using powdered resin, an acid-resistant, to black the parts not to come out in color

Lithography

printing technique (no cutting involved) that depends on grease drawing unto a stove, relying on the principle that oil and water do not mix

Screenprinting

traditionally a silk screen is used where ink is pushed through cut up shapes as a stencil technique

Monotype

the only printing process where only one print results: the artist draws on a metal plate (or smooth matrix), often diluted with oil paints

Digital (Inkjet)

using a high-quality printer to create an image from a digital file

Photography

the practice of creating images by recording light

Camera Obscura

dark room

Daguerreotype

photography involving the camera obscura and chemical mixture unto the metal plate into the box to capture the image in front of the box

Calotype

images of objects or scenes that are exposed on paper coated with silver iodide

Documentary Photography

serves to capture life as it is, often to expose scenes of real people in real circumstances to the public

Art Photography

aims for an interesting visual scene for the viewer, regardless of any political or social content or not

Motion Pictures

a series of still images projected at a speed of 24 frames per second

Three-Dimensional Art

a piece of art that has height, width, and depth and is not flat

Sculpture

three-dimensional art involving carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster

Modeling

to shape out of malleable material such as clay

Casting

lost wax process: use a mold to create mass

Carving

create forms by means of cutting materials such as stone and wood

Assembling

glue or nail solid parts to shape a sculpture

Contrapposto

a natural standing posture

Earthwork

a sculptural mass produced with natural materials in a natural setting

Installation

temporary man-made sculptural creations, usually in gallery spaces

Crafts

any artwork of utilitarian value and purpose

Clay

used for ceramics

Glass

a fine earth material shaped by means of heating and blowing

Metal

shaped through casting process or forging which is hammering the form while heating up to make it malleable

Wood

carved for furniture and utensils

Fiber

strands of animal hair, wool and silk put together to make textile

Graphic Design

a form of making used for the main purpose to sell a product or idea

Sign (Symbol)

a design that signifies the entire concept or institution

Typography

the style of the letters

Layout

composition; where to put the type in what sizes and colors against the image

Image

pictures incorporated into the design

Prince Among Thieves with Flowers

Chris Ofili, 1999

Mysteries

Romare Bearden, 1964

Fernando, Manuel, David

John Sonsini, 2006

Legendary its a family name

Sandile Goje, 2011

The Caress

Mary Cassatt, 1902

Standard Station

Ed Ruscha, 1966

Cute Motion!

Fiona Rae, 2018

Migrant Mother

Dorothea Lange, 1936

Shanghai

Andreas Gursky, 2000

Horse Galloping

Eadweard Muybridge, 1878

Dance or Exercise on the Perimeter of a Square (Square Dance)

Bruce Nauman 1967-68

Fireflies on the Water

Yayoi Kusama, 2002

Michael Jackson and Bubbles

Jeff Koons, 1988

Spiral Jetty

Robert Smithson, 1970

Tut and Betty

Faith Ringgold, 1979