Jewish, Early Christian, Early Byzantine, Byzantine, Umayyad

Menorahs and the Ark of the Covenant, wall painting, Jewish Catacomb, Villa Torlonia Catacomb, Rome, Italy, third century

The Good Shepherd, Orants, and the Story of Jonah, painted ceiling, Catacomb of Ss. Peter and Marcellinus, Early Christian, fresco, Rome, Italy, late third to early fourth century

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, grottoes of St. Peter, Early Christian, Marble, Vatican, Rome, Italy, c. 359

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus (architects), Emperor Justinian (patron), interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia, view toward the apse, Early Byzantine, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey), 532-537

Church of San Vitale, view toward the apse, Early Byzantine, Ravenna, Italy, consecrated 547

Empress Theodora and her attendants, south wall, apse, Early Byzantine, mosaic, Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, consecrated 547

David Battling Goliath, one of the “David Plates”, Byzantine, made in Constantinople, 629-630, silver

Dome of the Rock, Umayyad, Jerusalem, 691, interior view of arcade and dome

Hypostyle Prayer Hall, Great Mosque, Spanish Umayyad, Cordoba, Spain, begun 785/786