Theories and Mechanisms of Language Acquisition in Infants Study Guide

Flashcards covering key concepts in language acquisition theories and mechanisms as outlined in the lecture notes.

What is language acquisition?

The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, comprehend, and produce language.

When does language acquisition begin according to current understanding?

Language acquisition begins in the womb around 20 weeks after conception.

How did the historical view of language acquisition onset differ from contemporary understanding?

Historically, the onset was believed to occur at about twelve months, while contemporary research shows it begins long before birth.

What is the nativist view of the infant brain regarding language?

Nativist theories posit that the infant brain has innate or prewired linguistic structures.

Define Universal Grammar (UG).

Universal Grammar refers to a prewired common set of universal principles that underlie every one of the world's languages.

What does 'domain specific' mean in the context of language learning?

'Domain specific' suggests that the brain has specialized mechanisms dedicated exclusively to processing language.

What is the behaviorist view of the newborn brain?

The behaviorist view sees the newborn brain as a 'tabula rasa' or blank slate, shaped by experience.

How do general learning mechanisms relate to linguistic input in Piaget's theory?

General learning mechanisms apply to linguistic input, indicating that language acquisition utilizes the same cognitive mechanisms as other learning.

What is the role of social interaction in language acquisition?

Social interaction emphasizes that mother-infant relationships and conversational conventions help children understand dialogue and turn-taking.

Describe synaptic pruning. Why is it significant?

Synaptic pruning is a process where weak neural connections are eliminated, leading to specialized neural networks crucial for efficient information processing.

How does the inter-hemispheric independence hypothesis impact brain organization?

It suggests that reduced communication between hemispheres enhances processing efficiency while potentially limiting recovery from injury.

What evidence challenges the idea of strictly innate language mechanisms?

The ferret study demonstrates cortical flexibility, showing brain areas can adapt to different functions based on sensory input.

What are Broca's and Wernicke's areas known for?

Broca's area is associated with language production and Wernicke's area is associated with language comprehension.

How do adult language areas specialize in the brain?

Adult brain areas for language, such as Broca's and Wernicke's areas, become specialized through processes like synaptic pruning and neural development.

What does 'cortical plasticity' refer to?

Cortical plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.