Honors Chemistry - Chapter 17: Water and Aqueous Systems

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Intermolecular Forces (IMF)

The forces that occur between molecules, unlike bonds (intramolecular forces), which occur within the molecules

Types of IMF

Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonds, London Dispersion Forces

Dipole-Dipole

Force between negative and positive POLES of molecules

Hydrogen Bonds

Like dipole-dipole, but Hydrogen must be attached to N, O, or F

London Dispersion Forces

Made by a momentarily asymmetrical distribution of electrons, which create a weak, temporary dipole; a really weak dipole-dipole

Bond Strength Order

LD, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bond

Properties of H2O

1. High Boiling Point

2. Low Vapor Pressure

3. High Specific Heat (4.18 J/g*c)

4. High Surface Tension

5. Low Density of Ice

Anhydride/Anhydrous

The compound being hydrated

Water of Hydration

The water that hydrates the anhydrous

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts electricity when it is aqueous or molten

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does NOT conduct electricity when aqueous or molten

Anything with O and H

Polar

Hydrocarbons

Nonpolar

Fats

Nonpolar

Oils/Greases

Nonpolar

What is soap?

It’s a surfactant, a surface active agent and an emulsifying agent

% Dissociation of NaCl

100%, strong electrolyte