Chapter 15 - Musculoskeletal System Bones

acetabulum

Rounded depression in the pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint

acromion

Outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

bone

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

bone depression

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageway for blood vessels and nerves

bone process

enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

calcium

a mineral constituent of bone

cancellous bone

spongy, porous bone tissues in inner part of bone

cartilage

flexible, connective tissue

collagen

dense, connective protein strands found in bone and other tissues

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones

cranial bones

skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

diaphysis

shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone

disc

flat, round, plate-like structure

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous area at the end of long bones where lengthwise growth takes in the immature skeleton

epiphysis

each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate

facial bones

bones of the face, lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic

fontanelle

soft spot on a baby's skull where the bones have not yet fused together, allowing for brain growth.

foramen magnum

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

haversian canals

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

ligament

fibrous connective tissues that binds bones to other bones

malleolus

round process on both sides of the ankle joint

manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

mastoid process

round projection of the temporal bone behind the ear

medullary cavity

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

metaphysis

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and epiphyseal plate

olecranon

large process on the proximal end of the ulna

olecranon

large process on the proximal end of the ulna

orthopedist

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditiono

osseous tissue

bone tissue

ossification

process of bone formation

osteoblast

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

osteoclast

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

periosteum

membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

phosphorus

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

physiatrist

medical doctor who specializes in rehabilitation

pubic symphysis

area of confluence of two pubic bones at the front of the pelvis.

red bone marrow

found in cancellous bone, site of hematopoiesis

ribs

twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall; true ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8-10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12

sella turcica

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

sinus

hollow air cavity within a bone

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

suture

immovable joint between bones

temporomandibular

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw

tendon

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

trabeculae

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

vertebra

Individual segments of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina

xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of sternum

yellow bone marrow

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

calc/o and calci/o

calcium

kyph/o

posterior curvature in thoracic region

lamin/o

lamina

lord/o

curve

lumb/o

loins, lower back

myel/o

bone marrow

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

scoli/o

crooked

spondyl/o and vertebr/o

vertebra

-blast

embryonic cell

-clast

to break

-listhesis

slipping

-malacia

softening

-physis

to grow

-porosis

pore, passage

-tome

instrument to cut

acetabul/o

acetabulum (hip socket)

calcane/o

calcaneus (heel)

carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bone)

cost/o

ribs

crani/o

cranium (skull)

femor/o

femur (thigh bones)

fibul/o

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

ili/o

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

ischi/o

ishium (part of pelvic bone)

malleol/o

malleolus

mandibul/o

mandible (lower jaw bone)

maxill/o

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

metacarp/o

metacarpals (hand bones)

metatars/o

metatarsals (foot bones)

olecran/o

olecranon (elbow)

patell/o

patella (kneecap)

pel/i

pelvis

perone/o

fibula

phalang/o

phalanges (finger, toe bones)

pub/o

pubis

radi/o

radius

scapul/o

scapula (shoulder blade)

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

tars/o

tarsals

tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

uln/o

ulna (lower arm bone)

articulation

where bone meets a bone

-penia

deficiency

-poiesis

production of

-meta

change or transformation

-emia

blood condition

-osis

disease or condition of

-myelo

bone marrow