Stuttering Symptoms

overt

core stuttering behaviors that are visible (primary/core and secondary/accessory)

covert

feelings and attitudes towards stuttering. not visible

types of speech interruptions

part word repetitions, word repetitions, prolonged sounds, broken words, phrase repetitions, interjections, revisions, incomplete phrases

stuttering speech interruptions

sound repetition, syllable repetition, monosyllabic whole word repetitions, audible prolongations, inaudible prolongations, broken words

non stuttering speech interruptions

phrase repetitions, interjections, revisions, multisyllabic word repetitions

primary/core symptoms

within word dysfluencies, includes part word repetitions (sound and syllable), monosyllabic whole word repetitions, prolonged sounds (audible and inaudible), and broken words

secondary/accessory symptoms

escape and avoidance behaviors, including distracting sounds, facial grimaces, head movements, and movement of the extremeties

distracting sounds

noisy breathing, sniffling, clicking sounds, etc

facial grimaces

jaw jerking, tongue protruding, lip pressing, etc

head movements

back/forward, poor eye contact, etc

movement of the extremities

arm/hand movements, foot tapping, etc fee

feelings and attitudes

negative emotions and attitudes surrounding stuttering. feelings may precipitate stuttering, and stuttering may create feelings