WHAP Ch15

How did Luther's belief in the Bible as the source of religious truth threaten the power of the church?

a. The church could not print enough Bibles for every Christian.

b. It freed individuals to disagree with the Church's interpretation of Christianity.

c. It placed a person's salvation in their own hands.

d. It eliminated the idea of faith.

b

Why did certain princes and kings embrace Luther's ideas?

a. They believed all people to be equal.

b. They objected to the luxurious lifestyle of the Pope.

c. They had long resented the Pope's political power over them.

d. They wanted to improve the living conditions of their peasants.

c

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Thirty Years' War?

a. Catholic forces regained control over most of Europe.

b. About 15-30 percent of the German population was exterminated.

c. Separate states gained the power to choose Protestantism or Catholicism.

d. Europe was permanently divided between Protestant and Catholic lands.

a

Which of the following was a major difference between Protestants and Catholics in European colonies?

a. Catholics built churches; Protestants did not.

b. Catholics sought to convert native peoples; Protestants did not.

c. Catholics did not condone slavery; Protestants did.

d. Catholics were focused on getting rich; Protestants were not.

b

In what way did most Native Americans in the Andes and Mexico respond to the imposition of Christianity on their culture?

a. They slaughtered the missionaries.

b. They refused to pray or participate in services.

c. The incorporated their older religious beliefs into Christian doctrine and practice.

d. They embraced Christianity wholeheartedly.

c

Which of the following best describes the behavior of the Jesuits in China?

a. They attempted to wipe out all non-Christian religious temples, idols, and priests.

b. They kept to themselves, observing at a distance.

c. They began preaching the gospel to the poor and downtrodden.

d. They learned about and adopted much Chinese culture and learning.

d

All of the following explain why Christianity did not catch on in China EXCEPT:

a. Christianity offered little not already offered by Chinese religions.

b. Conversion to Christianity was all-or-nothing, and ruled out much Chinese culture.

c. Jesuits were viewed as superstitious and uneducated by Chinese intellectuals.

d. Western military gains in Asia made many Chinese suspicious of missionaries.

c

How did Europeans commonly react to African slaves' syncretic religions, such as Santeria and Vodou?

a. They encouraged these religions.

b. They turned a blind eye to these religions.

c. They often participated in these religions.

d. They considered these religions to be satanic witchcraft and tried to suppress them.

d

How were individual merchants, wandering holy men, or scholars able to spread Islam further throughout Africa, Asia, and even the Americas during the Early Modern Era?

a. They were not threatening to local rulers, and were often quite useful.

b. They were advance scouts for Islamic armies preparing invasion.

c. They were not able to spread Islam on their own.

d. They offered to convert local people if those people gave up their old religions.

a

Which of the following best describes the state created by Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad Ibn Saud in the 1740s?

a. A state based on a pure and strict interpretation of Islam

b. A state dedicated to the creation of material wealth

c. A state open to learning and understanding the world's other religions

d. A state defined by corruption, greed, and non-Islamic values

a

How was Wang Yangmin's Confucianism MOST similar to Martin Luther's Christianity?

a. They lived during the same time period.

b. They both sought to reform their respective religions.

c. They both believed that an elite class should rule society.

d. They both saw truth as innately accessible for every human being.

d

How might the Hindu practice of bhakti have threatened the social order in India?

a. It sought to revive Hinduism.

b. It set aside caste distinctions.

c. It encouraged foot-washing.

d. It sought to combine Islam and Hinduism.

b

Why did Sikhism evolve from a peaceful religion into a militant community?

a. Violence was more effective at gaining converts.

b. Punjab, where Sikhism was founded, was torn apart by a civil war.

c. The British military trained them to be militants.

d. They had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility.

d

Why was the legal concept of a "corporation" so important to the development of the European Scientific Revolution?

a. It allowed universities to have a measure of educational and intellectual freedom from the church and state.

b. It allowed for large-scale businesses to develop that could fund research.

c. It allowed universities to make profits.

d. It allowed churches and monasteries to make profits off their inventions.

a

What role did science play in the educational systems of Islamic and Chinese societies?

a. It was central.

b. It was marginal.

c. There was great curiosity, but no texts in their languages.

d. These societies had never had interest in science.

b

What was the radical implication of Newton's law of mutual gravitation?

a. It implied that God Himself had a gravitational weight.

b. It implied that space flight was impossible.

c. It implied that the heavens and earth obeyed the same laws.

d. It implied that all planets would eventually crash into their sun.

c

How does the Enlightenment compare to the Scientific Revolution?

a. The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs.

b. The Enlightenment refers to people's growing awareness of the Scientific Revolution.

c. The Enlightenment inspired the Scientific Revolution.

d. The Enlightenment was more mystical than the Scientific Revolution.

a

How did many Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire, think about established religion?

a. They were devoutly religious.

b. They believed they could replace Christianity with an even better religion.

c. They saw most religions as superstitious and intolerant.

d. Publicly they supported the Church, but privately they mocked it.

c

Which of the following best describes the Enlightenment-era philosophy of Rousseau?

a. Children should be educated in nature, not in society.

b. Children should be protected from nature, and kept inside society.

c. Nature imbued people with traits of greed and envy.

d. Children should begin reading books as early as possible.

a

Which of the following best describes the response of China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire to the Scientific Revolution?

a. They refused to believe any Europeans could make important discoveries.

b. They recognized the greatness of European discoveries, but could not understand how to teach them.

c. They adopted some of the more practical aspects, such as map-making and anatomy, but little beyond that.

d. They embraced European science wholeheartedly.

c

How did the Protestant Reformation affect women?

A) Women enjoyed more freedom and authority in Protestant convents

B) Women had mre opportunities to assume official roles within the churches

C) Women created their own church focused on the veneration of Mary and female saints

D) The emphasis on reading the Bible for oneself stimulated education and literacy for women.

D

What facilitated the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?

A) Illuminated manuscripts

B) The printing press

C) The Council of Trent

D) The Society of Jesus

B

What did the New England Puritans in North America emphasize?

A) Religious tolerance

B) Conversion of native peoples

C) Education and civic responsibility

D) Reconciliation wiht the Catholic Church

C

Which group had the greatest success in converting people outside of Europe to Christianity?

A) Jesuit missionaries in China

B) Spanish Catholic missionaries in the Philippines

C) Puritan missionaries in New England

D) Portugues missionaries in West Africa

B

Which of the following was generally more true of Catholics than Protestants in European colonies?

A) Catholics built more simply designed churches

B) Catholics were more intent on converting native peoples.

C) Catholics were more opposed to slavery

D) Catholics encouraged literacy in the local population

B

Which of the following was a goal of the Wahhabi movement?

A) To return to the absolute monotheism of authentic Islam

B) To promote religious blending and syncretism in Islam

C) to encourage religious tolerance

D) To expand the rights of women under Islamic law

A

Which of the following is a principle or practice upheld in Sikhism?

A) Seclusioin of women

B) Universalism of Islam

C) Equality of men and women

D) Respect of caste distinctions

C

What condition in Europe that was absent in China and the Islamic world contributed to the Scientific Revolution?

A) The relative independence of European universities

B) The superiority of the libraries of in Western Europe

C) Europe's leadership in the fields of mathematics and medicine after 1000 C.E.

D) The merging of the study of the natural order with philosophy and theology

A

Which of the following describes European reaction to the syncretic religions of African slave communities in the New World?

A) Tolerance

B) Acceptance

C) Conversion

D) Suppression

D

Both Wang Yangmin in his view of Confucianism and Martin Luther in his view of Christianity

A) attacked local customs as idoltry and sought to purify their respective traditions

B) invoked divine will to justify the power and priveledges of the elite

C) argued that individuals could find their own path to virtue and salvation.

D) fought for religious tolerance and social justice for the poor and oppressed

C

Which of the following represents a form of Hinduism that shared features with mystical Sufi forms of Islam?

A) The kaozheng movement

B) The bhakti movement

C) The Wahhabi movement

D) The Taki Onqoy movement

B

In what way did nineteenth-century developments in the sciences depart from Enlightenment principles?

A) They emphasized conflict and struggle as the motors of progress.

B) They challenged the validity of universal laws in science .

C) They challenged the very idea of progress.

D) They rejected the techniques of science

A

Why did Sikhism evolve from a peaceful religion into a militant community?

A) Violence was more effective at gaining converts.

B) Punjab, where Sikhism was founded, was torn apart by a civil war.

C) The British military trained them to be militants

D) They had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility.

D

How was the Enlightenment related to the Scientific Revolution?

A) The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe.

B) The Enlightenment refers to people's growing awareness of the Scientific revolution

C) The Enlightenment inspired the Scientific revolution

D) The Enlightenment was a Protestant movement, while the Scientific Revolution was a Catholic movement

A

Which of the following describes the reception of modern European science in China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire during the early modern era?

A) Adoption of European advances in medicine only

B) Acceptance of European theoretical science but rejection of its practical applications

C) Selective adoption of European scientific learning

D) Wholesale adoption of Western scientific learning

C

What made Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses revolutionary?

A) The condemnation of the Church's selling of indulgences

B) The idea that an individual could find salvation by faith alone

C) The proposal that knowledge should be based on observations and experiments

D) The theory that the sun was the center of the universe

B

What was the significance of the Peace of Westphalia?

A) It closed the rigt between Catholocism and Protestantism and paved the way for a unified Christianity

B) It acknowledged the Catholic Church's acceptance of local religious traditions in Spanish colonies

C) It ended a series of religious wars in West Africa between advocates of relgious syncretism and defenders of a universal, orthodox Islam

D) It granted the ruler of each European state the authority to control religious affairs within his own domain.

D

What factor made some parts of the world more receptive to Christianity than others?

A) The absence of a literate world religion

B) The strength of state-supported belief systems

C) The less destructive impact of the European presences on local society

D) The early conversion of local rulers

A

Why did the Chinese imperial court initially welcome the Jesuit missionaries?

A) The Chinese state saw the political and military success of the European states as a demonstration of the power of the Christian God

B) The Chinese people had been defeated, their societies disrupted, and their cultural confidence shattered

C) The Jesuits' knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, technology, geography, and mapmaking was useful to the Chinese.

D) The Jesuits far outnumbered the chinese and had already converted the vast majority of the nomadic peoples in the steppes north of China

C

Which of the following marked a major turning point in the relationship between China and Christian missionaries?

A) The Catholic Church's crushing of the Taki Onqoy movement

B) The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians

C) The issuance of the Edict of Nantes

D) The emergence of Whhabi Islam

B

What similar feature did Andean Christianity and Mexican Christianity share?

A) Both defined Christian rituals as civil observances rather than religious practices

B) Both condemned the Christian ritual of Holy Communion as a kind of cannibalism

C) Both used Christian communities to organize rebellions against Spanish rule

D) Both reinterpreted Christian practices within the framework of local customs.

D

During the centuries between 1450 and 1750, the spread of Islam was usually the

A) work of Muslim holy men, scholars, and traders.

B) result of conquest and forced conversions

C) product of indoctrination

D) responsibility of specially chosen missionaries

A

What did the kaozheng movement in China emphasize?

A) Introspection and contemplation as a means to achieve the virtuous life

B) Withdrawal from the world as a means to gain enlightenment

C) Verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry

D) Attention to church sacraments and good works as the path to salvation

C

Europeans who participated in the Scientific Revolution placed value on knowledge that was based on

A) the writings of classical philosophers

B) mathematical reasoning.

C) cultural tradition

D) the Church's interpretation of the Bible

B

The early scientists in the Scientific Revolution

A) wer overwhelmingly women

B) rejected Christianity

C) confirmed Aristotle's and Ptolemy's speculations

D) saw no conflict between science and religion.

D

Which of the following did all Enlightenment thinkers share?

A) The notion of the divine right of kings

B) The principly of gender equality

C) The belief in progress and reason

D) The conviction that Christianity was the only universal religion

C

Which of the following was a reaction to the reliance on human reason during the eighteenth century in Europe?

A) Romanticism

B) Deism

C) Sikhism

D) Pantheism

A

Which of the following reflects the Enlightenment view of the innate qualities of the individual?

A) Intolerant, close-minded, and hypocritical

B) Conservative, complacent

C) Aggressive, neurotic, and irrational

D) Thoughtful, rational, and independent

D

Which of the following figures is associated with the Scientific Revolution?

A) Mirabai

B) Newton

C) Voltaire

D) Condorect

B

In which country was the spread of Christianity in the early modern era not accompanied by European conquest?

A) Japan

B) Mexico

C) Peru

D) The Phillipine Islands

A