Fluro

What is fluro

imaging modality that makes real time video of movements inside a part of the body passing x-rays over a period of time.

Advantages of fluro

See anatomical structures

Used for diagnostic procedures guide

Facilitates less invasive procedures

Fixed fluro

System usually used for longer screening

Fixed fluro advantages

Relatable generator

Better radiation protection

Inhibited movement of c - arm

mobile systems

Portable for shorter scans flexibility

Continuous fluro

Movie like image - high exposure factors

Pulsed fluro

Can change number of frames per second to lower dose of radiation

High for acquisition

A combination of continuous and pulsed final consultant looks at these

Anode heat dissipation

Built in system to minimize impact of heat

Anode heat disipitations examples

Water or oil to cool

Range of focal spot size to balance detail of anode

How does fluro work

Tube x-ray goes to input phosphor turns to light to photocathode converts to electrons to anode then anode electrons still to output phosphor convert to light to camera

Flat panel detectors

Uses thin film transmitted x-ray directly converts to electrical change

Advantages of flat panel detectors

Tends to use lower dose

Great field of view

High quality

Automatic brightness control

Controlled by image intensifier by measuring the intensity of the output phosphor and adjusting exposure factors to maintain preset brightness

Adrc - automatic dose rate control

System measure anatomical thickness of the patient applies the initial setting based on input setting

Digital subtraction angiography and why used

Uses contrast to remove distracting detail and anatomical structure from the image. To create roadmap and make image easier to interpret

Process of digital angiography

Pictures taken before contrast

Computer sets mask to demonstrate anatomy

Once injected contrast mask removed

Only leaving new information

Biplane

Fixed systems with 2 c stand which allows simulators image taking in multiple planes

Types of procedures

1. Arthograms

2. Cardiac

3. Barium swallows

4. Endoscopy

Image flare

Filtration is applied to get rid of image flare which is caused by less dense parts. Filtration improves the image and reduces soft radiation. Its hypeodense

4 types of fluoroscopy image acquisition

• continuous

• Pulsed fluro

• High dose aquistion

• Single high dose image