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What were 4 causes of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?
Soviet takeover of Europe, Kennan’s Long Telegram, Greek Civil War, state of the European economy
What did Britain say about the Greek Civil War in 1947?
They could no longer afford to give money and military support to the Greek government to help them fight against communists
What was the European economy like as a result of world war 2?
Bad- many in ruins with homes, factories, roads and railways destroyed. Britain was almost bankrupt
Why did Truman start a policy of containment?
Suspicious of Stalin’s aims- feared Stalin would continue to spread communism beyond Eastern Europe
Under pressure from politicians in the West (eg Kennan) to take a strong stand against USSR
USA only country in the West able to give aid and support to countries
What 3 things did Truman say in his doctrine?
USA would give military and economic aid to countries at risk of turning communist
USA would send money and soldiers to Greece
Choosing democracy over communism was like choosing good over evil- first public attack of communism
What did Truman’s Doctrine start a policy of?
Containment (preventing the spread of communism)
Why did the USA believe the Marshall Plan would stop the spread of communism?
Communist ideas (eg more equality) more appealing than capitalism in countries experiencing poverty and hardship- therefore USA wanted to help develop economies
What was the Marshall Plan?
America providing economic aid to help war-torn countries in Europe to stop communism taking over
Between 1948 and 1952, how much did the USA give to countries in Western Europe?
$12.7 billion
Why did only countries in Western Europe receive money from the Marshall Plan?
Stalin banned communist countries from accepting it
What were the 3 consequences of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?
Stalin’s reaction to the Marshall Plan, the creation of Cominform, the creation of Comecon
When did Truman give his doctrine?
12th March 1947
When was the Marshall Plan?
1948-1952
What was Stalin’s reaction to the Marshall Plan?
Called it ‘dollar imperialism’- Western European countries depended on the USA for aid so had to support America
What was Cominform?
A political organisation created by Stalin- allowed him to control governments in Eastern Europe
What was Comecon?
An economic organisation aiming to support the economic growth of communist countries in Eastern Europe
When was Cominform created?
September 1947
When was Comecon created?
January 1949
Give one example to show that the creation of Comecon encouraged trade.
Bulgaria’s trade with other Comecon members increased from 10% in the 1930s to over 90% by 1951
