honors bio unit 5

Variation

Varying genetically within a population.

Inheritance

Genetic traits that are inherited from parents.

Selection

Organisms with favorable traits.

Gene Pool

Genotype frequency of a population.

Genetic Drift

The reduction of genetic variation due to luck with sudden change.

Gene Flow

The movement of a population in or out of an environment that changes gene frequencies.

Five Mechanics of Evolution

Genetic drift, non

Non

Random Mating

Natural Selection

The process in which the strongest variation of a species survives and influences the entire species to adapt.

The Founder Effect

When a group of individuals voluntarily come to a new environment and start a new population.

The Bottleneck Effect

When a disaster wipes out a good portion of a population, leaving survivors to start a new population.

Artificial Selection

The process in which humans selectively breed plants or animals to create offspring with desired traits.

Evolution

A change in allele frequencies within a population.

Requirements for Evolution

Variation, inheritance, selection, time.

Biological Fitness

An organism's ability to survive and produce the greatest number of offspring with its genes.

Why Natural Selection Occurs

Overpopulation, competition, variation, survival of the fittest.

Adaption

Evolutionary processes in which a population becomes better suited for its habitat.

Red Queen Hypothesis

Concept that a species must keep evolving just to survive because other species are always evolving too.

Directional Selection

Favors one extreme trait and pushes population in one direction.

Stabilizing Selection

Favors the average trait that keeps the population stable.

Disruptive Selection

Favors both extreme traits and eliminates the middle, leading to two distinct groups.

Species

Similar individuals who are capable of producing offspring in the natural environment.

Homology

Similarity resulting from common ancestry.

Analogy

Similarity resulting from independent evolution.

Vestigial Structure

Anatomical feature that has no purpose in the current form of an organism.

Divergent Evolution

Process by which organisms have the same feature but it begins to evolve differently.

Coevolution

Process by which an organism evolves in response to another.

Convergent Evolution

Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve to the same trait.

Speciation

When a species develops into an entirely new one.