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Allegory
A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one
Authors Style
word choice → formal or informal
Syntax →structure of sentences, paragraphs and the novel as a whole
Dialogue → how a character speaks can reveal their background
Tone → the author's attitude towards the subject Mood → the atmosphere/ feeling the reader gets towards the subject
Imagery →appeals to the five senses
figurative language → metaphor, personification, simile, hyperbole, understatement, idiom
Connotations → feeling and thoughts associated with particular words, EX: mother vs ma
Sound devices →rhythm, rhyme, onomatopoeia, alliteration Indirect setting development →dialogue, dialect, allusions
Motivation
the experience of wanting something or wanting to avoid it.
Extrinsic motivation
motivated by outside influence, not something you want to do → motivated by rewards or punishments
Intrinsic motivation
motivated from yourself, bring you joy, and fee your curiosity → doing what you need to do os to please ourselves and our curiosity
Imagery
appeals to five senses
Irony
The difference between what we expect to happen and what actually happened
Verbal irony
say opposite of what is meant
EX: Sarcasm
Situational Irony
Situational irony: situation ends in a way that is not expected
EX: Professor daughter drops out of college
Dramatic Irony
audience knows more than the characters
Ex: Horror movies
Point of View
Perspective from which the events in the story are observed and recounted
First person
narrator is “I” in the story, biased and one-sided
Second person
narrator reads as “you”, not common
Third person Limited
outside observer of actions only, no thought or feelings
Third person omniscient
know everything, know the characters what they think and how they feel Outside observer of actions, thoughts, and feelings
Character
Central figure in story
Dynamic character
changes during the plot of the story, grows
Static character
stays the same through out the story
Round character
well developed and complex figure in story, know a lot about them
Flat Character
under-developed and simple figures in story, usually background characters and do not know a lot about them
Direct characterization
author telling you directly what character is, described by author
Indirect Characterization
author shows reader through thoughts, interactions, what people say about them
Shows important details through actions, speech, thoughts, and looks.
S.T.E.A.L
Acronym S.T.E.A.L
indirect characterization
Speech- What do they say? How do they communicate with others? How do they speak?
Thoughts- what they are thinking? How do they feel? Effect on others- How doe the character make others feel? How do others react to them?
Actions- What does the character do? How do they behave?
Looks- What does the character look like? How does the character dress?
Rhetoric
the art of argument and discourse
Ethos
appealing the audience's values, needs, and traditions → get them to trust you
credibility
Pathos
appealing to audiences emotions
Logos
appealing to audiences logic and reason
Tragic Hero
Tragic hero is relatable and extraordinary but has one flaw like ambition or stubbornness that causes him to make one huge mistake that sends there life downhill
Allusion
an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.
Anachronism
things out of place in the time period the work takes place in
EX: cavemen warming up dinner with microwave
Antagonist
bad guy, creates conflict
Protagonist
good guy, usually main character
Assonance
the repetition of a sound of a vowel in poetry
Ex: the k__ind Knight rides by__
climax
most important and tense part of story
conclusion
end of story
connotation
an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal meaning (positive, neutral, negative)
EX: “dicipline” has a negative connotation
Elision
the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking
Exposition
beginning of story (settings, characters)
Falling Action
events after climax, works towards resolution, tensions start to resolve
Figurative Language
a way of expressing oneself that does not use a word's strict or realistic meaning. Makes writing more complex and sound better.
flashback
event in the story that happened before the plot
foreshadow
a warning of indication of a future event
hyperbole
exaggerated statements
metaphor
applies a description to something that is not applicable
mood
how the reader feels by the atmosphere of the work, usually setting
Motif
something that is repeated throughout a work
Onomatopoeia
word that represents/describes sound
EX: BAM, POP, POW
Paradox
self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true.
Personification
describing something nonhuman with human characteristics
proverb
A short saying that can be applied to many different situations
pun
a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings.
resolution
solution to a conflict
simile
comparison of two unlike things using like or as
symbol/symbolism
something that represents something else
theme
main idea
tone
the attitude that a character or narrator or author takes towards a given subject.
conflict
problem in story
conflict with self
refers to the main character's inner struggle. This type of conflict often involves a character choosing between two conflicting obligations, facing their flaws and fears, or coming to terms with their own nature.
conflict with person
the main character's goal is obstructed by another character or multiple characters
conflict with nature
when the protagonist, either alone or together with the other characters, is in direct opposition to the forces of nature
conflict with society
the struggle for agency or power in society.
Person vs. group
rising action
intro of conflict, character development, tensions rise
soliloquy
an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play.
aside
a character may turn to the audience to make an observation or remark that the other characters can't hear
When to use an in-text citation?
immediately after a direct quote, fact/statistic, paraphrasing, or a borrowed idea
(Authors last name Page number)
MLA heading
name
teacher’s name
class and block
date
top right page = last name + page number
How to refrence works in MLA
Title of book/novel = italicized (underlined when hand written)
Title of poem/short story/ article = “quotations”
Title of magizine = underlined
Page formating in MLA
Times New Roman 12 font
double spaced
indent first line of every new paragraph
1’ margins
Tile of YOUR essay = normal → no B, U, I
Note
Flashcard