Head and Neck Dental Board Review

the skull has how many bones?

22

how many cranial bones

8 (2 are paired bones)

how many skull bones are facial

14

bones of the cranium

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid

bones of the face

maxillae
mandible
zygomatic
palatine
nasal
vomer
inferior nasal conchae
lacrimal

bones of the orbit

frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid
maxilla
zygomatic
palatine
lacrimal

temporal bones

mastoid process
styloid process
articular fossa and eminence
stylomastoid foramen
petrous portion

sphenoid landmarks

greater and lesser wings
medial and lateral pterygoid plates
hamulus

medial and lateral pterygoid plates project from

greater wing of sphenoid

hamulus projects off of

medial pterygoid plate

nerve that passes through superior orbital fissure

trigeminal (V1) ophthalmic

nerve that passes through foramen rotundum

trigeminal (V2) maxillary

nerve that passes through foramen ovale

trigeminal (V3) mandibular

condyle

allows jaw to rotate

coronoid process

muscle attachment for temporalis

alveolar process

bony housing that supports teeth

mental foramen

mental nerve opening

mandibular foramen

inferior alveolar nerve opening

genial tubercles

muscle attachment for genioglossus muscle

olfactory I

sense of smell

optic II

sense of sight

oculomotor III

eye muscles
pupil
lens

trochlear IV

eye muscles

trigeminal V

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

abducens VI

eye muscles

facial VII

muscles of facial expression
taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
sublingual and submand. salivary glands

Vestibulocochlear VIII

balance and hearing

glossopharyngeal IX

taste and sensation for posterior 1/3 of tongue
parotid gland

vagus X

smooth muscles
glands of the body
cardiac muscle

accessory XI

trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
pharynx
larynx

hypoglossal XII

muscles of tongue
(except palatoglossus)

ophthalmic VI of trigeminal is sensory for

tip of the nose
eyes
forehead

maxillary VII trigeminal is sensory for

upper teeth
nose
palate
mouth
cheek
temporal region

mandibular VIII trigemnal is sensory and motor for

muscles of mastication (motor)
lower teeth (sensory)

anterior division of mandibular nerve innervates what

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
buccal

posterior division of mandibular nerve innervates what

inferior alveolar
mental
lingual

inferior alveolar nerve innervates which structures

pulp of all teeth in the quadrant

buccal nerve innervates which structures

buccal gingiva of molars and premolars

mental nerve innervates which structures

buccal gingiva of premolars from mental foramen forward
lower lip and chin
facial gingiva of cuspid and incisors

lingual nerve innervates which structues

lingual gingiva of all teeth in the quadrant

psa nerve innervates which structures

pulp of molars except MB root of 1st molar
buccal gingiva of all molars in the quadrant

msa nerve innervates which structures

pulp of MB root of 1st molar
pulp of premolars
buccal gingiva of premolars

asa nerve innervates which structures

pulp and facial gingiva of cuspids and incisors

greater palatine nerve innervates

palatal gingiva of molars and premolars
palatal gingiva of cuspid

nasopalatine nerve innervates

cuspid and incisor palatal gingiva

infraorbital nerve innervates

buccal gingiva of premolars
facial gingiva of cuspids and incisors

innervation and blood supply for muscles of mastication

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
maxillary artery

temporalis origin and insertion

temporal fossa
coronoid process and mandible posterior to 3rd molars

masseter origin and insertion

zygomatic arch
outter surface of mandible (angle)

medial pterygoid origin and insertion

medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and max tuberosity
inner surface of angle of the mandible

lateral pterygoid origin and insertion

lateral surface of pateral pterygoid plate, infratemporal surface of sphenoid
TMJ disc and neck of mandibular condyle

muscles that close the mouth (elevate the mandible)

temporalis
medial pterygoid
masseter

muscles that open the mouth

lateral pterygoid
hyoid muscles

accessory muscles of mastication

buccinator
mylohyoid

parts of the TMJ

temporal bone
mandible
articular disc
capsule

rotation of TMJ

condyle rotates in fossa

translation of TMJ

condyle slides forward along articular fossa to the articular eminence

trismus of TMJ

hypomobility from trauma, disease, bruxism

crepitus of TMJ

joint noise
generally indicates joint damage (disc tear or bone to bone contact)

contraction of the left lateral pterygoid muscle will

shift the jaw to the right

contraction of the right lateral pterygoid plate will

shift the jaw to the left

contraction of both lateral pterygoid muscles will

protrude the jaw

innervation and blood supply for the muscles of facial expression

facial nerve VII
facial artery

levator

lifts

depressor

pulls down

anguli

angle

orbicularis

circular

oculi

eye

oris

mouth

nasii

nose

superioris

upper

inferioris

lower

aleque

side

smile muscles

zygomaticus
levator anguli oris
risorius

orbicularis oris

pucker

orbicularis oculi

squint

levator labii superioris

lift upper lip

levator labii superioris aleque nasii

lift upper lip
flare nostrils

depressor anguli oris

pull down corner of mouth

depressor labii inferioris

pull down lower lip

mentalis

pout

platysma

neck webbing

buccinator

compresses cheek
enlarged with bruxism

hyoid muscles

originate from hyoid bone
chewing
swallowing
speaking
comprise the floor of the mouth

hyoid muscle innervation

trigeminal V
facial VII

infrahyoid muscles that stabilize the hyoid bone

thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid

suprahyoid muscles do what

open the mouth
(depress the mandible)

suprahyoid muscles

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
digstric
stylohyoid

sternocleidomastoid muscle origin and insertion

sternum and clavical
mastoid process of temporal bone

trapezius muscle origin and insertion

occipital and vertebral bones
scapula and clavical

sinoatrial node (SA)

pacemaker of the heart in the right atrial wall

coronary arteries

supply the heart with blood

veins

return blood to the heart

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

measure BP via

brachial artery

emergency pulse for adults, children?

carotid
brachial

nonemergency pulse taken where for adults, children?

radial
brachial

flow of deoxygenated blood

from body (superior and inferior vena cavae)
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary artery (to lungs)

Flow of oxygenated blood

from lungs-pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid valve (mitral)
left ventricle
aorta (to body)

internal carotid artery supplies blood to

skull
eye
brain