Freud's psychological theory of religion

What is Freud’s central claim about the psychological origins of religion in The Future of an Illusion?

Freud argues that religion originates from human feelings of helplessness and the longing for a protective father figure, leading individuals to create gods who provide security and moral guidance.

According to Freud, what early relationship influences the development of religious belief?

The child’s dependency on the mother for nourishment and protection, later replaced by the father, influences the tendency to seek protection from a higher power in adulthood.

How does Freud explain the ambivalence toward the father figure in religion?

Freud suggests that while the father provides protection, he is also a source of fear and authority, leading to both reverence and anxiety—elements projected onto religious deities.

What does Freud mean by the 'defense against childish helplessness'?

He argues that humans never fully overcome their need for protection; as adults, they create religious beliefs as a psychological defense mechanism against feelings of helplessness.

How does Freud link religion to civilization?

He states that religious ideas, shaped by the need for protection, are passed down through civilization, reinforcing beliefs in divine authority and moral order.

Why does Freud believe religion is an illusion?

He considers religion an illusion because it stems from psychological needs rather than objective reality, serving as a coping mechanism rather than a truth about the world.