history treaty of versailles

minor treaties, compromises on ToV, territory change in ToV, terms

treaty of saint-germain:

• big 3 & austria-hungary

• 75% of AH’s territory lost, making it landlocked

• AH is split into 2 parts

• all the industrially developed areas given to czechoslovakia and poland

• AH army restricted to 30 thousand

• 3 mil germans from AH transferred to czechoslovakia

• high reparations, but AH declared bankruptcy and never paid

• anschluss forbidden → impacts trade & cultural togertherness

• widespread hunger

treaty of neuilly-sur-seine

• big 3 & bulgaria

• south dobruja went to romania, aegen coasts & west thrace went to greece

• army limited to 20,000 soldiers

• reparations more than 400 mil. (but 75% was later taken back)

• recognized yugoslavia as its own country

treaties of sevres

• italy + britain + france & ottoman empire

• abolished turkish rule

• france got lebanon, syria, south anatolia

• britain got palestine, iraq (oil)

• armenia created

• italy got dodecanese, anatolian coast

• dardanelles straits become international waterway → suez canal

• army reduced to 50,000 with a navy of 12 boats

• grand vizier of turkey Ahmed Pasha was deposed by Khalif Kemal Pasha (religious leader) just before the signing → renegotiations for the second part

wilson compromised…

• self-determination: it would be only in eastern europe, colonies given as mandates and not allowed to decide their fates

• no freedom of seas or free trade

• wanted low reparations but brought it up to 6.6 billion pounds

• he wanted saar to remain with germany, but its coal went to france

• wanted sudentenland to go to germany (self-determination) but it went to czechoslovakia

• disarmament failed

clemenceau compromised…

• wanted higher reparations

• wanted to annexe ruhr and saar, got only the coal from saar (invaded ruhr in 1923 anyways)

• wanted to annexe or make rhineland its own country

• wanted to break germany into tiny parts → never rise up again

lloyd george compromised on…

• didn’t want any militarily advanced navalcraft to go to germany (tanks etc.)

• didn’t want france to take alsace-lorraine back → thought it would make it a superpower

• wanted a less severe war guilt clause

• wanted no german navy, agreed to small navy

rhineland

demilitarized

saar coalfield

coal goes to france, league of nation run, plebiscite in 15 yrs

alsace-lorraine

returned to france

BRAT

B: blame

R: reparations

A: anschluss / armed forces

T: territories

treaty of trianon

hungary + big 3

very harsh

70% pre-war territory gone, 65% population

dissolution of AH

unemployment & famine

35,000 army limitation