Gov final study cram

Who has the power to appoint Supreme Court justices?

The President of the United States.

Who has the power to confirm Supreme Court justices?

The Senate, through a majority vote.

How many justices are on the Supreme Court?

There are nine justices on the Supreme Court: one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices.

Why do Supreme Court justices serve lifetime appointments?

To ensure independence from political pressures and allow justices to make decisions based on the law.

What is judicial review?

The power of the courts to declare laws, executive actions, or governmental policies unconstitutional.

What case established the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison (1803).

What is a writ of certiorari?

An order issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the record of a case for review.

What is the original jurisdiction of federal courts?

The federal courts have original jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors, disputes between states, and cases between the U.S. and a state.

What is a precedent?

A legal decision that serves as an authoritative rule or guide for future cases.

What was the key issue in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District?

Free speech in schools related to students’ rights to wear armbands as protest.

What did the Supreme Court rule in New Jersey v. T.L.O.?

School searches are permissible under the Fourth Amendment if they are reasonable.

What issue was addressed in Ingraham v. Wright?

Corporal punishment in schools.

What precedent was set by Santa Fe Independent School District v. Jane Doe?

School-led prayers at public events violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

What was the issue in Kent v. United States?

Juvenile justice and standards for waiving juveniles to adult court.

What did Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier determine?

Schools can regulate content in school newspapers if it is part of the curriculum.

What issue was addressed in Vernonia School District v. Acton?

The legality of drug testing for student-athletes.

What was the ruling in Westside Community Schools v. Mergens regarding religious clubs?

Schools must allow religious clubs if other extracurricular clubs are permitted.