Personality Exam 2

ego psychology

theory that emphasizes integration of biological and psychosocial forces in the determination of personality functioning, with special focus on developmental crises

erikson is known for his influential theory of…

psychosocial development

Erikson’s ego

“powerful agency” that helps people resolve inner conflicts & environmental challenges, and promotes health

main focus of ego psychology

development of a strong ego identity as individuals resolve crises inherent in the developmental process

the epigenetic principle

there is a genetically determined sequence of human development that occurs in a series of stages, universal to mankind, and unfolds in a predetermined sequence

Erikson believed that personality…

develops in a predetermined order, in 8 stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood

psychosocial

psychological needs of an individual conflicting with the needs of society

self-concept can be affected by…

Need for positive regard

Need for positive regard

Learned / innate tendency to see or need approval from others

As a result of need for positive regard, we live our life based on:

Conditions of worth

Conditions of worth

Experiences and behaviors are acceptable only if they meet with approval from others

Ultimate goal of Roger’s therapy

Change a person’s self-concept

Self-concept

…

Unconditional positive regard

total caring / prizing of a person for what & who one is, w/o any reservations or conditions of worth

state of congruence =

Fully Functioning Person

state of incongruence =

self image ≠ ideal self

Q sort

measures discrepancies between actual & ideal selves

Rogers’s 3 essential ingredients / characteristics of good therapists

1. genuineness

2. empathy

   1. unconditional positive regard for client

Therapists must…(Rogers)

1. paraphrase

2. invite clarification

3. reflect feelings

(these are all components of active listening)

Big 5 (OCEAN)

• openness

• conscientiousness

• extraversion

• agreeableness

• neuroticism

trait

characteristic that is consistent, stable, and varies from person-to-person

is OCEAN a spectrum?

yes

is OCEAN universal?

yes

Gordon Allport theory

cardinal, central, and secondary trait categories

Raymond Cattell theory

16-factor personality model

Hans Eysenck theory

introversion / extraversion, neuroticism / emotional stability, and psychoticism trait categories