Chapter 7: Quantum Numbers

These flashcards cover the fundamental concepts and terminologies related to quantum numbers and electron configuration, essential for understanding atomic structure.

Quantum Numbers

Four different values (n, ℓ, mℓ, s) that describe the distribution and properties of electrons in atoms.

Principal Quantum Number (n)

Describes the size of the orbital, can take integral values such as 1, 2, 3, etc.

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (ℓ)

Describes the shape of the orbital, can have values from 0 to n-1.

Magnetic Quantum Number (mℓ)

Describes the orientation of the orbitals, with values ranging from -ℓ to +ℓ.

Electron Spin Quantum Number (ms)

Can have a value of +½ or -½, representing clockwise or counterclockwise spin.

Aufbau Principle

States that electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first.

Hund's Rule

The rule stating the most stable electron configuration has the most parallel electron spins.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers.

Isoelectronic

Species that have the same number of electrons.

Ground State Electron Configuration

The lowest energy arrangement of electrons in an atom.