Chap 33 ENVIRONMENTAL

Conduction

heat transfer from body to object

air embolism

air in blood vessels

evaporation

liquid to gas, sweat releases heat through this

hyperthermia

core temperature > 101 F, heat gain exceeds heat loss

Diving Reflex

Lowering of Heartrate in submersion of cold water

core temperature

temperature of heart/lungs/vital organs

convection

heat transfer between body and circulating weather (wind, a fan)

laryngospasm

spasm of larynx/vocal cords, preventitive reflex during drowning

turgor

ability of skin to resist deformation

hypothermia

core temp below 95

ambient temperature

temp of surrounding environment

heat cramps

muscle spasms after vigorous excercise

drowning

respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in water

hymenoptera

bees, wasps, yellowjackets

body heat transfer as warm air leaves lungs and cool air enters

respiration

evaporation is a process that requires

energy

does increased fluid intake affect heat loss

no

blue lips/fingertips in hypothermia is sign of what

blood vessel constriction

is shivering a symptom of hypothermia

no

where/how to check core temperature

abdomen under clothes, back of hand with glove pulled back

never assume an x and pulseless patient is dead

cold

will heat exhaustion and hypovolemia present w/ normal vitals

yes

first sign of heat stroke

change in behavior

decompression sickness

bubbles of gas, usually nitrogen, obstruct blood vessels

children can drown in as little as x inches of water

1

never give up on cold water drowning victim because:

hypothermia protects vital organs from lack of O2

three phases of dive in order

descent, bottom, ascent

diving descent problems affect this body part

lungs

can rupture of lung cause hemopneumothorax

no

organs most affected by air embolism

brain/spinal cord

coral snake venom causes x in nervous system

paralysis

tick spreads lyme disease through it’s

saliva

signs/symptoms of pit viper bite

swelling, ecchymosis, severe burning pain at injection site

dont give x to patient after pit viper bite

water

difference between heat stroke and heat exhaustion

consciousness level, lack of bodys heat loss techniques

when do infants get ability to thermoregulate

12-18 months

heat stroke cases typically occur when temp is above x and humidity is above x

humidity 80% temp above 80

should you apply ice to snake bite

no

most common pit viper

rattlesnake

copperheads are aggressive

true

coelenterate stings

jellyfish, coral, man o’war

do coelenterate stings respond well to flushing with water

no

how long to check for pulse in hypothermic patient

30-45 secs

are extreme temp/humidity needed to cause hot/cold injuries

false

Never do this for frostbitten patients if there is any chance the part could freeze again

Rewarm

High altitude pulmonary edema

Usually above 8k feet, pink sputum, develops after a couple days

Transfer of heat through energy

Radiation

Mild hypothermia between what temperatures

93.2-98

Serum that counteracts venom with antibodies

Antivenin

Most snake bites in these 2 months

April October

Type of rash associated with ticks

Bulls eye

What to pour on jellyfish stings

Vinegar

Toxins from sea urchins and sting rays are

Heat sensitive

Frostbitten parts feel

Hard and waxy

Passive warming technique

Allowing patients body temperature to rise gradually and naturally

How to treat frostbite

Remove wet clothing and cover feet with dry sterile dressing

What temp in hypothermia does shivering stop

90 degrees

Rough handling of hypothermic patient causes what disrythmia

Ventricular defibrillation

Shivering generates heat by increasing the

Metabolic rate

High air temperature prevents heat loss through

Radiation

Lightning strikes burns are typically

Superficial

High mountain sickness

Hypoxia after 5k altitude