Urine histology

What is the functional unit of the kidney

The nephron

A urinary lobule consists of what 4 parts

• cortical labyrinth

• medullary ray

• collecting ducts

• papilla

List the pathway of urine within the nephron before it reaches the ureter

1. glomerulus

2. proximal convoluted tubule

3. loop of henle

4. distal convoluted tubule

5. collecting ducts

The area in charge of reabsorbing water, glucose, and sodium is known as what part of the nephron

proximal convoluted tubule

The creation of the salt concentration gradient takes place in what part of the nephron

loop of henle

The fine tuning of secretion and absorption takes place in what portion of the nephron

distal convoluted tubule

The glomerulus filters the blood based on _________

molecule size

List the parts of the glomeruli

• fenestrated endothelium

• podocytes

• mesangial cells

• bowmans capsule and space

Within the glomerulus what creates supportive tissue between capillaries

mesangial cells

What two parts of the glomerulus aid in filtration of the blood

• podocytes

• fenestrated endothelium

What important molecule is sure to not be able to pass through the filtration of the glomerulus

albumin

In what parts of the kidney are proximal convoluted tubules found

• cortex

• cortomedullary junction

What type of epithelium does the proximal convoluted tubule hold

simple cuboidal with microvilli

What epithelium do the thin segments of the loop of Henle contain

simple squamous epithelium

What epithelium do the thick segments of the loop of Henle contain

simple cuboidal epithelium

The descending loop of Henle is highly permeable to ________

water

Because the descending loop of henle is so permeable to water that makes the filtrate ____________

hyperosmotic

The ascending loop of henle is highly permeable to ______

salt

Because the ascending loop is so permeable to salt that makes the filtrate __________

hypoosmotic

The collecting ducts are made up of what two cells

• intercalated cells

• principle cells

Intercalated cells regulate what

acid/base

Principal cells regulate what

• salt

• water

The kidney receives about _______ of cardiac outflow

25%

All blood in the glomerulus is _________

oxygenated

List the blood flow of the renal artery till the capillaries

1. renal artery

2. interlobar artery

3. arcuate artery

4. interlobular artery

5. afferent arteriole

6. glomerular capillaries

7. efferent arteriole

What capillary moves blood from the artery to the veins

peritubular capillaries

What controls the rate of glomerular blood flow

juxtaglomerular apparatus

What part of the distal convoluted tubule contributes to the juxtaglomerular apparatus

macula densa

What role does the macula densa play in regulating glomerular blood flow

senses low chloride in urine

Where do juxtaglomerular cells reside

in the walls of afferent arteriole

In response to the macula densa the juxtaglomerular cells secrete ______

renin

Secretion of renin leads to more ________ reabsorption

water

What makes up the renal interstitium

• vessels

• connective tissue

What structures make up the lower urinary tract

• renal pelvis

• ureters

• urinary bladder

• urethra

All of the lower urinary tract is lined with ________

urothelium

What layers are present in the lower urinary tract

1. mucosa

2. lamina propria

3. muscularis

4. adventitia

Unlike the GI tract the lower urinary tract muscularis is __________

irregular

Between the ureter and urinary bladder which has a thicker and looser muscularis

the urinary bladder

In addition to smooth muscle the penile urethra also contains _________

skeletal muscle