NEW chapter 5 flash cards

These flashcards cover major vocabulary and concepts from the chapter on cardiorespiratory and metabolic health, emphasizing physical activity's role in health outcomes.

Sedentary behavior

Refers to any waking activities that do not include physical movement or require significant energy.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular diseases like stroke.

All-cause mortality

The rate of death from all causes within a given population.

Physical activity guidelines

Recommendations designed to encourage individuals to engage in a minimum level of physical activity to maintain health.

Metabolic syndrome

A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, including hypertension and abnormal cholesterol levels.

VO2max

The maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise, reflecting cardiovascular fitness.

Moderate-intensity aerobic activity

Physical activities that raise your heart rate and breathing moderately; examples include brisk walking and water aerobics.

Hypertension

A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high, commonly a risk factor for CVD.

Type 2 diabetes

A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose) and is often related to obesity.

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation

A medically supervised program designed to improve cardiovascular health for individuals recovering from heart events.

Sedentary activity

Activities that involve prolonged sitting or lying down, which may lead to adverse health effects.

Insulin resistance

A condition where cells in the body do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to increased blood sugar levels.

Atherogenic dyslipidemia

An abnormal lipid profile characterized by high levels of triglycerides, low levels of HDL, and small, dense LDL particles, increasing CVD risk.

Graded exercise testing (GXT)

A clinical test involving the monitoring of cardiovascular function during incremental physical exercise.

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A marker in the blood that indicates inflammation and is associated with higher risk levels for CVD.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)

A blood test that measures the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months, used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Exercise prescription

A structured plan detailing the type, duration, frequency, and intensity of physical activity prescribed for health benefits.

Dose-response relationship

The relationship between the amount of physical activity performed and the resulting health benefits.

Physical inactivity

A lifestyle with minimal physical activity, which is a significant risk factor for various chronic diseases.

Metabolic health

A state in which metabolic processes function optimally, thus reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Fick Equation

A formula that describes the relationship between cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and the difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood.