Percentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population.
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birth rate
Annual number of live births per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
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death rate
Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
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demographic transition
Hypothesis that countries, as they become industrialized, have declines in death rates followed by declines in birth rates.
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emigration
Movement of people out of a specific geographic area.
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family planning
Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.
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fertility
The number of births that occur to an individual woman or in a population.
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immigration
Migration of people into a country or area to take up permanent residence.
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infant mortality rate
Number of babies out of every 1,000 born each year that die before their first birthday.
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life expectancy
Average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live.
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migration
Movement of people into and out of a specific geographic area. See immigration, emigration.
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population change
An increase or decrease in the size of a population. It is equal to (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration).
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replacement-level fertility
Number of children a couple must have to replace them. The average for a country or the world usually is slightly higher than 2 children per couple (2.1 in the United States and 2.5 in some developing countries) because some children die before reaching their reproductive years.
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total fertility rate (TFR)
Estimate of the average number of children who will be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she passes through all her childbearing years (ages 15-44) conforming to age-specific fertility rates of a given year. In simpler terms, it is an estimate of the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years.