study for physics daily quiz

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Heat is the transfer of energy between substances due to temperature differences, whereas temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy (KE) of the molecules of a substance.

What is Kinetic Energy in terms of molecular composition?

Kinetic energy is the theory that all matter is made up of atoms, and it relates to the movement of these atoms.

What is a molecule?

A molecule is the smallest part of a substance that can exist independently and retains the properties of that substance.

What are the two types of forces that hold molecules together?

The two types of forces are cohesion (force between like molecules) and adhesion (force between unlike molecules).

What is cohesion?

Cohesion is the force that holds like molecules together.

What is adhesion?

Adhesion is the force that holds unlike molecules together.

What are the three states of matter?

The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases.

What are the characteristics of solids?

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

What are the characteristics of liquids?

Liquids have no definite shape but have a definite volume.

What are the characteristics of gases?

Gases have no definite shape or volume.

What determines the state of matter?

Neither temperature nor heat alone determines if a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas.

What is temperature?

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.

What are the two relative temperature scales based on water's boiling and freezing points?

The two scales are Fahrenheit and Celsius.

How do Celsius degrees compare to Fahrenheit degrees?

Celsius degrees are 9/5 larger than Fahrenheit degree intervals.

How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit use: 9/5(T_c) + 32.

How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius use: 5/9(T_f - 32).

What is the absolute temperature scale?

The absolute temperature scale is called the Kelvin scale.

What is special about the Kelvin scale?

The Kelvin scale is the only temperature scale based on the definition of temperature.

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

To convert from Celsius to Kelvin use: T_c + 273.

How do you convert Kelvin to Celsius?

To convert from Kelvin to Celsius use: T_k - 273.

What is internal energy?

Internal energy is the total of kinetic energy and potential energy of the molecules in a substance.

What is heat (Q)?

the transfer of energy between two substances due to a temperature difference.

Can a substance contain heat?

A substance does not contain heat; we feel heat due to the transfer of internal energy.

What are the three types of heat transfer?

conduction, radiation, and convection.

What is conduction?

heat transfer through direct contact or molecule-to-molecule transfer.

What is radiation?

heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves.

What is convection?

heat transfer through the mixing of fluids due to differences in density.

What is one unit of heat?

N*m, which is also known as Joule.

What is a calorie?

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

What is a nutritional calorie called?

A nutritional calorie is called a kilocalorie (Cal or kcal).

How many calories are in a kilocalorie?

One kilocalorie (Cal or kcal) is equivalent to 1000 calories.

How many Joules are in a calorie?

1 calorie is equal to 4.184 Joules.

How many Joules are in a kilocalorie?

1 kilocalorie (or Cal) is equivalent to 4184 Joules.

What is specific heat (c)?

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of any substance by 1 degree Celsius.

What is the formula for heat (Q)?

Q=mc\Delta T , where heat is equal to the mass of the substance times the specific heat times the change in temperature.

What are phase changes?

Phase changes occur when a substance transitions from one phase of matter to another without a change in temperature.

What is evaporation?

the phase change from liquid to gas.

What is condensation?

the phase change from gas to liquid.

What is melting?

the phase change from solid to liquid.

What is freezing?

the phase change from liquid to solid.

What is sublimation?

the phase change from solid to gas.

What is latent heat?

the total amount of energy used for phase changes.

What does latent heat change?

the potential energy of the phase change.

What is the latent heat of fusion?

applies to phase changes from liquid to solid and solid to liquid.

What is the latent heat of vaporization?

applies to phase changes from liquid to gas and gas to liquid.