Push and Pull Factors of Immigration and Social Reforms

Push Factors

Reasons forcing people to leave their countries.

Pull Factors

Attractions drawing people to the U.S.

Steerage

Cheapest ship section for poor immigrants.

Overcrowding

Excessive population leading to job shortages.

Nativism

Opposition to immigration by native-born citizens.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival prompting social reforms.

Temperance Movement

Campaign against alcohol consumption.

Education Reform

Expansion of schools with racial exclusion issues.

Worker's Rights

Movement for better working conditions and hours.

Dorothea Dix

Advocate for mental health and prison reform.

Shakers

Religious group promoting utopian society and anti-slavery.

Underground Railroad

Network aiding enslaved people to escape North.

Harriet Tubman

Conducted 19 missions to free enslaved individuals.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Leader in women's rights after Anti-Slavery Convention.

Women's Suffrage

Achievement of voting rights for women post-WWI.