Medical Emergencies Exam 1

Percentage of preventable medical emergencies in dental setting

About 75%

Goal of physical evaluation

Determine patient’s physical and psychological tolerance and needed treatment modifications

Importance of health history

First line of defense against medical emergencies and malpractice

TPRBP stands for

Temperature, Pulse, Respirations, Blood Pressure

Normal temperature range

96.8–99.6°F

Tachycardia

Heart rate over 100 bpm

Normal heart rate range

60–100 bpm

Bradycardia

Heart rate below 50 bpm

Hyperpnea

Respirations over 25 breaths per minute

Normal respiration range

12–20 breaths per minute

Hypopnea

Respirations below 10 breaths per minute

Dyspnea

Shortness of breath

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing when lying flat

Normal blood pressure

Systolic <120 and diastolic <80

Elevated blood pressure

Systolic 120–129 and diastolic <80

Hypertension stage 1

Systolic 130–139 or diastolic 80–89

Hypertension stage 2

Systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90

Hypertensive crisis

Systolic >180 or diastolic >120

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure

Clinical signs of moderate anxiety

Tachycardia, sweating, rapid breathing, nausea

Vasodepressor syncope

Fainting due to sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate

Hyperventilation

Rapid, deep breathing causing low CO₂ levels

ASA I

Normal healthy patient

ASA II

Patient with mild systemic disease

ASA III

Patient with severe systemic disease

ASA IV

Patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

ASA V

Moribund patient not expected to survive without surgery

Cannula oxygen delivery

25–40% oxygen for breathing patient

Face mask oxygen delivery

About 60% oxygen for breathing patient

Non-rebreather mask oxygen delivery

60–90% oxygen for breathing patient

Bag valve mask oxygen delivery

90–100% oxygen for non-breathing patient

Syncope

Temporary loss of consciousness (fainting)

Signs of syncope

Pallor, sweating, dizziness, nausea

Syncope management

Stop treatment and place patient supine

Orthostatic hypotension

Drop in blood pressure when standing up

Asthma

Chronic inflammatory disorder with reversible airway obstruction

Extrinsic allergic asthma

Asthma triggered by allergens

Intrinsic non-allergic asthma

Asthma triggered by non-allergic factors

Mixed asthma

Combination of intrinsic and extrinsic asthma

Status asthmaticus

Most severe, life-threatening asthma attack

Fast acting inhaler

Albuteral

Slow acting Inhaler

Symbicort