History of pet food

Dogs and cats were originally fed ___

scraps

The first commercial dog food was produced in ___ ___

London 1890

Production of dog food in the US started in ___ from ___ ___

1950, General Mills

in ___ Milk bones were considered ___ dog food 

1907, dog food 

In the ___ Gaines food company makes a new dog food in ___ bags

1920s, 100 lbs

In ___ many new bransd form like ___ and ___. Who made ___ food more popular

1930, Cadet, Snappy, canned

canned food became a _-__ during WW2

non-essential

in ___ Purina developed ___ of food production

1950s, extrusion

Extrusion involves ___ ingredients, ___ ___ the mixture, forcing it through a ___

mixing, rapidly cooking, extruder

 ___ ___ ___ is the first product line designsed for different life stages in 1968

Hills Science Diet 

AAFCO or ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ formed in 1909

American Association of Feed Control Officials

AAFCO was created in ___

1909

A pet food label should include: ___ name, what type of ___, net ___, the ___ and ___ of the manufacturer, ___ ___, the ___ panel, and the ___ adequacy statement or ___ of product, ___ guidelines, and date of ___ or ___ code

product, food, weight, name, address, guaranteed analysis, ingredient, nutritional, purpose, feeding, manufacture, expiration

Complete food has all the ___ adequate for animals to sustain on besides water

nutrition

A balanced have the right ___ in proper amounts

nutrients

Guaranteed analysis provides the ___ or ___ percentage of spefic nutrients that the ___ claims the product meets

maximum, minimum, manufacturer

Crude protein and fat is expressed as ___ percentage

minimum

Moisture is expressed as ___ percentage

maximum

Crude is a term used to describe the analytical procedure used to ___ the nutrients

estimate

GA should be used to compare products?

no

In an ingredient panel the ingredients must be arranged in decreasing order by ___

weight

The terms used in an ingredient panel must be approved by ___

AAFCO

Both ___ and ___ diets have variable formula diets which will vary from batch to batch 

grocery, generic

Premium diet have ___ formulas, per each batch. This helps to eliminate ___ upset. When comparing to other diets they may have the same ingredients but are ___ in quality

fixed, GI, higher

AAFCO has a few primary types of nutritional adequacy statements including ___ and ___ for all life stages, ___ claim (for specific life stages), ___ or ___ which isn’t intended for full time feeding, and ___ which is specifically used under the supervision of a DVM

complete, balanced, limited, supplemental, intermittent, therapeutic

A food that is formulated for complete and balanced nutrition for gestation, lactation, growth, and maintenance is considered a ___ and ___ for all ___ ___

complete and balanced for all life stages

A food which provided complete and balanced nutrition for a particular life stage such as adult maintenance or growth has ___ ___

limited claim

A food that has been formulated for only intermittent or supplemental use and is not intended for full time feeding is ___ or ___

intermittent, supplemental

Food which is intended for use under supervision of a DVM is ___ diet

therapeutic

Nutritional adequacy statements are ___ about a type of food which must be proved with ___ usually feeding trials

claims, evidence

___ ___ referes to exact levels of various nutrients in the food, and also digestibility and availability of all the essential nutrients

nutritional content

Four ways nutrient content can be determined: ___ ___ of the final product, ___ ___ can be obtained from the manufacturer, ___ based on the published values for the ingredients, information found on the ___ ___ and typical ___

lab analysis, target values, calculations, guaranteed analysis, analysis

Lab analysis done on final products is a ___ analysis which provides info on specific groups of nutrients. It is expresed as a ___ which moisture, crude protein, crude fat ash, fiber 

proximate, percentage

crude fat ash is ___

minerals

calcuations for the nutrient content is based on ___ values of ingredients, and has limitations due to lack of ___ data for nutrient content of ingredients, and doesn’t take ___ into consideration

published, accutate, quality

Studies show that ___ and ___ ___ of both animal and plant ingredients, are significantly affected by the processing method

digestibility, nutrient availability

For homemade diets ___ is used to approximate the nutrient content

calulations

Final product analysis is the most ___ way to detemine nutrient content. 

accurate

Digestibility is a measure of the final diet’s quality, which determines which portion of nutrients are able to be ___ into the body. ___ doesn’t require companies to determine or provide digestibility.

absorbed, AAFCO

Digestibility and fecal volume has a ___ relationship

inverse

For feeding trials in the US, AAFCO requires adult maintenance diets to be done over a period of ___, and require ___ animals per group

six months, 8

During feeding trials the energy from ___ and ___ is subtracted from total energy in order to evaluate digestibility

feces, urine