Socialism

Marxism/Revolutionary socialism

the state is a ‘bourgeois’ instrument of class oppression, defending capitalist interests against those of the working class. Piecemeal or gradual change will not lead to a genuinely socialist society because the ruling class, and bourgeois values, are too firmly entrenched.

Social democracy

Attempts to reform capitalism through electoral politics rather than abolishing it entirely. Attempts to reconcile free-market capitalism with state intervention

Third way/neo-revisionism

primacy of the market over the state, while still emphasising community and moral responsibility and social inclusion

Collectivism

The idea that humans can achieve their political, social and economic objectives more effectively through collective action than through individual effort. 

Rather than the individual being the focus, which creates anomie, the focus is the collective as a whole. 

Many socialists argue that society is greater than the sum of its parts.