The Nature & Variety Of Living Organisms

Define Growth

Increase in the number of cells or mass

Define Respration

Respiration is the biochemical process carried out in all living organisms, where cells release energy from glucose molecules.

Define Excretion

The removal of metabolic waste

Define Nutrition

Organisms must obtain food to provide energy

Define control

Define Movement

Movement is any action causing a change in position or place by an organism.

Define Sensitivity

an organism's ability to detect and respond to stimuli in its environment.

Define Reproduction

Give 4 different types of eukaryotic organism

- Animal

- Plant

- Fungi |

- Protoctist

Give 3 differences between plant and animal cells

- Plant cells have a cell wall whereas animal cells do not

- Plant cells have a permanent vacuole whereas animal cells do not

- Plant cells have chloroplasts and are able to photosynthesise whereas animal cells do not

Describe the structure of fungi

= Chitin cell wall

- Often multinucleated

- They contain a mycelium which is made of hyphae threads

How do fungi feed?

They are saprotrophic so they secreteenzymes that break down their foodoutside of their cells and then they |absorb the nutrients.

Are prokaryotic cells multicellular or unicellular?

| Prokaryotic cells are unicellular |

Give 5 features of bacterium cells

- Cell membrane

- Cell wall

- Cytoplasm

- Plasmid loops of DNA

- No nucleus but large DNA loop instead

What is a pathogen?

A disease-causing microorganism

Give 4 different types of pathogen

- Bacteria |

- Fungi |

- Viruses |

- Protoctists |

| Describe the structure of a virus |

- Protein husk

- Contain nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

Give 3 examples of viruses

- Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

- Influenza

Give two different species of bacteria

Lactobacillus bulgaricus - Used in the

production of yoghurt from milk.

Pneumococcus - Bacterium that causes

pneumonia. ~~