Kinesiology (PSK4U)

closes eyelid

obicularis oculi

flares nostrils

nasalis

lip muscle

obicularis oris

raises eyebrows

frontalis

rotation and lateral flexion of cervical vertebrae

Sternocleidomastoid

origin - manubrium and clavicle (medial portion)
insertion - masteiod process of temporal bone

Sternocleidomastoid origin & insertion

elevates scapula

levator scapulae

elevation and depression of ribs, used for breathing

intercostal muscles

extends vertebral column

erector spinae

compresses abdomen and stabilizes trunk

transverse abdominis

flexion of lumbar spine

rectus abdominis

compression of abdomen

internal obliques

rotation of torso

external obliques

elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula

trapezius

origin - occipital protuberance and spinous process of C7-T12
insertion - lateral clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion process

trapezius origin & insertion

retracts scapula

rhomboid major

retracts scapula and minor rotation of scapula

rhomboid minor

protraction of scapula and assists in upward rotation

serratus anterior

stabilizes scapula

pectoralis minor

abducts arm

supraspinatus

rotates arm laterally

infraspinatus

rotates arm laterally

teres minor

medially rotates arm

subscapular

shoulder abduction, flexion and extension

deltoid

origin - anterior portion of the clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
insertion - deltoid tuberosity

deltiod origin & insertion

adduction and medial rotation of humerus, draws scapula anteriorly

pectoralis major

origin - clavicle (anterior/medial) and sternum (anterior)
insertion - intertubracle groove (humerus)

pectoralis major origin & insertion

extends, adducts, and rotates arm internally

latissimus dorsi

origin: spinous process T7-L5, illiac crest, inferior angle (scapula), ribs 9-12
insertion: intratubracular groove (humerus

latissimus dorsi origin & insertion

internal rotation of the humerus

teres major

felxion at the elbow, supination of the forearm

biceps brachii

origin: coracoid process and supraglenoid tubracle
insertion: radial tuberosity

biceps brachii origin & insertion

extension at the elbow, extension of the shoulder

triceps brachii

origin: infraglenoid tuberacle of scapula (long head), shaft of humerus (medial and lateral head)

triceps brachii origin & insertion

flexion of elbow

brachialis

pronation of forearm, flexion of elbow

pronator teres

assists with extension of the elbow (blends with triceps)

Anconeus

flexion of wrist

flexor carpi radialis

flexion of wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

extention of wrist

extensor capri radialis longus

extension of wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

extension and external rotation of hip

gluteus maximus

origin: gluteal surface of ilium and sacrum
insertion: gluteal tuberosity (femur), IT tract

gluteus maximus origin & insertion

abduction of hip

gluteus medius

abduction of hip

gluteus minimus

felxion of hip/trunk

ilipsoas major

felxion of hip/trunk

ilipsoas minor

external rotation of the thigh

piriformis

flexion, abduction, and medial rotation of thigh

tensor fasciae latae

extension of hip, flexion of knee

semimenbranosus (hamstring)

extension of hip, flexion of knee

semitendinosus (hamstring)

extension of hip, flexion of knee

biceps femoris (hamstring)

adduction of hip

pectinues

adduction of hip

adductor brevis

adduction of hip

adductor longus

adduction, flexion, extension of hip

adductor magnus

abduction, flexion, lateral rotation of hip

sartorius

extension of knee, flexion of hip

rectus femoris

origin: anterior inferior portion of iliac spine
insertion: quadriceps tendon via patella

rectus femoris origin & insertion

extension of knee

vastus lateralis

extension of knee

vastus intermedius

extension of knee

vastus medialis

dorsiflexion and inversion

tibialis anterior

extension of toes (lateral 4), dorsiflexion

extensor digitorum longus

extension of big toe, dorsiflexion

extensor hallucis longus

planatar flexion, inversion

tibialis posterior

flexion of toes (lateral 4), plantar flexion

flexor digitorum longus

flexion of big toe, plantar flextion

flexor hallucis longus

plantar flexion

soleus

plantar flexion, flexion of knee

gastrocnemius

origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur
insertion: achillies tendon via calcaneus

gastrocnemius origin & insertion

muscle tissue found only in the heart, involuntary

cardiac muscle

muscle tissue found only in internal organs, involuntary

smooth muscle

a muscle that is connected to the skeleton that allows movement, voluntary

skeletal muscle

connect bone to bone

ligaments

connects muscle to bone

tendons

avascular connective tissue, provides structure support and cushioning

cartilage

found at ends of bone and free moving joints

hyaline cartilage

liquid filled membrane that protects soft tissues, reduces friction where 2 bony parts of the body rub together

bursa

vascular, elastic ablility

muscles properties

Myosin filaments attach to actin filaments when calcium is relased and the tropomysoin and troponin that prevents the myosin and actin from attaching is "distracted" by the calcium. ADP + Pi is released when the myosin and actin attach, the myosin pulls the actin forward then relases. An ATP molecule then attaches to the myosin which allows it to "reload" and attach to another actin and repeat the process until the calcium are removed and the tropomysoin and troponin return to their normal state.

Sliding fliament theory

attachement to an immovable bone, proximal

origin

attachment to movable bone, distal

insertion

the action/motion when the muscle is activated

function

muscle fibres shorten

concentric contraction

muscle fibres lengthen

eccentric contraction

muscle fibres do not change in length

issometric contraction

controlled shortening and lengthening of the muscle

isotonic exercise

muscle fibres maintain a constant length throughout contraction

isometric exercise

use of machines to control speed of contractions, combines best parts of isometric and isotonic exercise

isokinetic exercise

epimysum extends past the muscle as a tendon which attaches to the periosteum of a bone

inderect muscle attachment

epimysium adheres to and fuses to the periosteum

direct muscle attachment

binds muscle fibres together

perimysium

surrounds entire muscle

epimysium

connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber

endomysium

cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) of a muscle cell, lies beneath the endomyuism

sarcolemma

threadlike structures that contain actin and myosin

myofibrils

compartments of myosin and actin

sarcomeres

cytoplasm of a muscle cell, contained by the sarcolemma

sarcoplasm

network of channels in each muscle fibre that transports electrochemical substances involved in muscle activation

sarcoplasmic reticulum