Paper 3: Interview

What are the three types of interviews?

Semi-Structured

Focus Groups

Narratives

What is the most used interview method?

Semi-Structured

Describe the structured part of a semi-structured interview

Checklist to standardize interview

Describe the unstructured part of a semi-structured interview

Flexibility

Order of questions

Wording

Depth of questions

In semi-structured interviews, what can a researcher ask?

Elaboration

In-depth knowledge

In semi-structured interviews, when are guides for the interview established

Before the interview

Why is ecological validity a concern for semi-structured interviews?

one on one format is a less natural conversation

What limits a semi-structured interview?

Limited to what has been planned beforehand

Which method explores participants in a group setting?

Focus Groups

What does a facilitator do in a focus group?

Introduces self and participants

Ask questions

Leads group discussions

What type of conversation is encouraged in a focus group?

natural conversation using own language

What is special about the focus group setting?

Participants respond to each other

What is the ideal size for a focus group?

6-10

Why do focus groups have high ecological validity?

Natural interaction and conversation

How would conformity impact focus group data?

Presence of others may impact data

Does the data TRULY reflect an individual or a group

Which method is considered an individual's interpretation of the world?

Narrative interview

How are narrative interviews constructed like a real story?

Opening, middle, ending

Particular situation or whole life

Which two components make up a narrative interview?

Mix of facts and interpretations

What is the role of the researcher in a narrative interview?

stimulates narrative by asking questions

What is prohibited in a narrative interview?

interruptions by the interviewer

Which type of interview provides the most in-depth understanding?

Narrative interviews

What is time consuming about a narrative interview?

Transcription and analysis

Why would some interview data not be used?

-Narrative may go in different directions

-Participant decides what to discuss

What is a potential ethical concern of narrative interviews?

Reliving trauma

What is considered BEFORE an interview takes place?

Interview guide (Data Collection)

Interviewer

Sampling

Data Recording

Transcription Method

Ethical Considerations

Reflexivity

What needs to be considered so the research has the right interviewer?

professionalism, gender, language, age and ethnicity

What sampling method is most often used in interviews?

purposive

Why is purposive the most used sampling method?

Research usually focuses on how people experience a specific situation...hand select participants

What is a verbatim transcript?

word for word

-needed for thematic analysis

What is a post-modern transcript?

Includes non-verbal analysis (laughter, pauses, interruptions)

what is difficult about using a post-modern transcript?

Difficult to analyze

What are some ethical considerations/questions of conducting an interview?

-Is it socially sensitive?

-Does the research involve emotional distress?

-How will informed consent and debriefing be addressed?

What needs to be considered DURING an interview?

Establish Rapport

Data Recording

Active and Neutral Listening

Professional Approach

What needs to be considered AFTER an interview?

Debriefing

Confidentiality and Anonymity

Credibility Check

Consent to Use Data (In all Forms)

what are important characteristics of debriefing in an interview.

Provide informed results

Withdrawal at ANYTIME

How does a research check credibility?

-Ask peer to check interpretations

-Consult participants

What is the goal of content analysis?

-credible representation of the social world under investigation

-provide a balance between description and interpretation

What is the first step in the process of inductive content analysis?

collect data

What is the 1st step in coding interview data?

Reading and Re-Reading material