Unit 4B Terms List

John C. Calhoun

A leading American statesman from South Carolina, proponent of states’ rights and nullification.

Henry Clay

Known as the 'Great Compromiser,' a significant statesman in American political compromises.

Nullification Crisis

A political confrontation in the 1830s where South Carolina tried to nullify federal tariffs.

Martin Van Buren

The eighth president of the United States, significant in organizing the modern Democratic Party.

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)

A landmark case ruling that labor unions were lawful and strikes were legitimate protests.

Tariff of Abominations

A term used by Southern opponents for the high Tariff of 1828, harmful to the Southern economy.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

A Supreme Court case ruling that Georgia laws had no force within Cherokee territory.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Legislation authorizing the forced relocation of Native American tribes west of the Mississippi.

Black Hawk War

A brief conflict in 1832 between the U.S. and Native Americans resisting forced relocation.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Cherokee Indians, resulting in thousands of deaths due to harsh conditions.

Whig Party

A political party that emerged opposing Andrew Jackson and promoting modernization.

Panic of 1837

A financial crisis characterized by bank failures and economic downturn, linked to Jackson’s policies.

Know-Nothing Party

An anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic political movement in the 1850s.

Cult of Domesticity

A 19th-century ideology emphasizing women’s roles as homemakers and moral leaders.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A violent 1831 slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in Virginia, increasing tensions over slavery.

Transcendentalism

A movement that emphasized nature, individualism, and spiritual intuition over materialism.

Free Soil Party

A political party opposing the expansion of slavery into Western territories.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement advocating for personal salvation and various social reforms.

Charles Finney

A prominent preacher of the Second Great Awakening known for emotional sermons.

Horace Mann

An education reformer advocating for free public education as vital for democracy.

Temperance Crusade

A social movement aimed at reducing or banning alcohol consumption to improve society.

Dorothea Dix

A reformer advocating for better conditions in prisons and mental asylums.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women’s rights convention held in 1848, advocating for equality and suffrage.

William Lloyd Garrison

An abolitionist known for his anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator.

Sojourner Truth

An abolitionist and women's rights activist known for her powerful speeches.

Frederick Douglass

A leading abolitionist and former enslaved person known for his writings and speeches.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel depicting the harsh realities of slavery.