Anatomy for Breathing Part 1

The Bones, Lungs, and Boyle's Law

The two parts of the skeleton

1. Axial Skeleton

2. Appendicular Skeleton

The Axial Skeleton

The head to the tailbone

The Appendicular Skeleton

Everything excluding the head to the tailbone

How many vertebrae does the spine consist of?

24 vertebrae

Sacrum

The vertebrae at the base of the spine

How many vertebrae are fused together in the Sacrum?

5 vertebrae

Pelvis

What the Sacrum forms, along with the ilium, pubis, and ischium.

Coccyx/Tailbone

The 5 additional very small fused vertebrae attached at the bottom of the Sacrum

Lumbar Vertebrae

The bottom 5 vertebrae

What is the Lumbar Vertebrae designed to do?

Carry the weight of the upper body

Thoracic Vertebrae

The middle 12 vertebrae

Facets

In the Thoracic Vertebrae, flat areas that attach to the ribs

Cervical Vertebrae

The top 7 vertebrae

Atlas

The uppermost vertebrae and attaches to the head

Axis

The second vertebrae coming from the Atlas

Dens/Ontoid process

A projection from it’s anterior segment on the Axis which inserts in the Atlas.

Spinous process

A small projection on the posterior to which the various back muscles attach. All vertebrae, aside from the Atlas, have this

What is the Thorax also known as?

The Ribcage

Thorax

Houses the lungs and heart.

Costal Cartilage

What the highest 4 ribs attach individually to the breastbone/sternum with in the Thorax

1. Manubrium

2. Corpus

3. Xiphoid Process

The three parts the sternum

Do the organs move on their own?

No

Lobes

Sections in the lungs

How many Lobes does the right lung have?

3

How many Lobes does the left lung have, and why is that?

2, to make space for the heart

Pleurae/Pleural Sac

What the lungs are attached with in the Thorax

What is your windpipe also known as?

Trachea

Bronchial Tubes

What the Trachea divide into

Lobar Bronchi

What the Bronchial Tubes divide into, which insert into the Lobes

Alveoli or alveolar sacs

The bottom of the Bronchial Tubes, where the exchange of blood gasses occur

Boyle’s Law

When air is in a soft-walled enclosure, its pressure and volume will be inversely proportional

Inhalation

The volume of the thorax is increased. The air pressure in the lungs drops. The pressure in the lungs is lower than the atmosphere pressure - a vacuum has been created. Air rushes in, equilibrium has been reached

Exhalation

The thorax shrinks, air is compressed and the pressure rises, air rushes out, muscles contract and relax to increase/decrease the size of the thorax

Total Lung Capacity(TLC)

The Maximum amount of air the lungs can contain

For Total Lung Capacity, how much air can females hold?

3-5 liters

For Total Lung Capacity, how much air can males hold?

4 - 8 liters

Vital Capacity(VC)

The amount of air that can actually be expelled following a maximal inhalation, 3-5 liters

Residual Volume

The difference between the two other numbers, the amount of air that cannot be expelled from the lungs, the lungs will not fully deflate in a person that is alive, unless the pleural connection is lost and the lung collapses

Tidal Volume(TV)

The quantity of air that is moved during breathing, not always the Vital Capacity, but under exertion and during singing the amount can approach Vital Capacity, At rest about half a liter