CHROMOSOMES TERMI

Chromosomes

these are coiled and packed DNA structures.

Centromere

holds sister chromatids together before cell division.

kinetochore

this is where spindle fibers or microtubules attach during cell division.

Telomeres

protective caps at chromosome ends. It is made of repeating DNA sequences to prevent gene loss during replication.

p arm

short upper part of the chromosome

q arm

longer lower part of the chromosome

Metacentric

p and q arms are equal in length.

Submetacentric:

p arm is slightly shorter than q arm.

Acrocentric:

p arm is much shorter than q arm.

Telocentric:

no p arm, only a q arm.

Somatic (body) cells

what cells are diploid

Sex cells (sperm and egg)

what cells are haploid

46

how many chromosomes does diploid cells have

23

how many chromosomes does haploid cells have

sex cells

what cells undergo meiosis

autosomal chromosomes

Chromosomes 1-22 are called

chromosome 23

what chromosome number are the sex chromosomes

sperm

what determines the sex of the child

cohesin

a protein complex that acts

like a molecular "glue." in the centromere

46

how many chromosomes does gametocytes have

gametes

what undergoes meiosis in order to produce sex cells