Final (Exams)

Which of these would be colorless immediately after the alcohol acetone step of the Gram stain procedure

* Mycobacterium tuberculosis
* E.coli

Which is not one of Koch’s postulates

New living cells can only be produced from pre-existing living cells

The thermal death int is the lowest temp at which all cells in a culture are killed in how many mins

10 mins

which of these treatments results in complete killing of all microbial life

sterilization

A bacterium placed in pure water would be in a ----- solution (in danger of cytolysis)

hypotonic

Unsaturated fats have one or more ------- bonds in the fatty acids

double

In electron microscopy what focuses the beam of electrons so that it will penetrate the sample

magnets

SARS-COV2 differs from the coronavirus SARS-1 and MERS in that it

* has a lower fatality rate
* can be transmitted by asymptomatic individuals

Nucleotides consist of

* ribosome sugars
* nitrogen-containing base
* phosphate group

Which of these is the best method to count the number of viable (live) bacteria in a culture

plate count of colonies for “cfus”

Which of these is an example of a final electron acceptor that can be used in fermentation

pyruvate

Which of these is the most powerful oxidizing agent

O2

Transfer of electrons along the electron transport chain allows the pumping of what across a membrane, which provides energy for ATP synthesis

H+

Phospholipids are composed of

* phosphate group
* glycerol
* fatty acids

The membrane configuration of an inner membrane and an outer membrane with the cell wall in between is a characteristic of what bacteria

gram negative

Infectious agents from which of these groups have no nucleic acid genomic material

prions

Which of these are least resistant to microbial control measures

viruses with lipid envelope

bacterial cell walls are made of

peptidoglycan

most viruses are between ----- and ------ in size. This means that some viruses will not be removed by the filter size commonly used in filter sterilization

20nm - 300nm

The antibiotic penicillin is produced by a

fungus

In eukaryotes, intracellular digestion of compounds occurs in the

lysosomes

When you introduce microbes into a tube of sterile culture medium

inoculating

Which of these is a fast and direct method of counting bacteria

direct microscopic count

Which of these are most resistant to microbial control measures

prions

From the term aerobic chem-heterotrophs you can conclude that they require access to gases so they can obtain sufficient

O2

All cellular organisms have genomic material composed of

double-stranded DNA

A positively charged ion is called a

cation

Which of these components would not be found in chemically defined culture media

yeast extract

In glycolysis, glucose is ------ to pyruvic acid/pyruvate

oxidized

Pyruvate ------ converts pyruvate to acetyl- CoA, CO2, and NADH

dehydrogenase

An -------- pathway has both catabolic and anabolic functions

amphibolic

Zika virus is transmitted by

* mosquito
* sexual contact

Which of these types of organisms cannot survive if oxygen is present

* NO3
* SO4 2-

Which of these types of organisms cannot survive if oxygen is present

obligate anaerobe

Which of these can serve as electron carriers in a cell

* FAD+
* NAD+
* NADP+

100 nm is how many micrometers

0\.1

Which of these is true of prokaryotes

1. circular DNA genomes
2. no nuclear membrane
3. has 70S ribosome
4. divide by binary fission
5. complex organelles absent or rare

Bacterial flagella are composed of flagellin, while eukaryotic flagella are composed of

tubular

Bacteria can be somewhat protected from osmotic lysis by the rigid

cell wall

What in the cell walls of Mycobacteria prevent uptake of Gram stain

mycelia acid

All cellular organisms have genomic material composed of

double- stranded DNA

A well organized polysaccharide layer outside the bacterial cell wall is called a

capsule

Penicillin acts by inhibiting formation of peptide bridges in

peptidoglycan

Ribosomes are composed of

* proteins
* RNA

In Gram stain procedure, which of these compounds bind to one another to form a larger complex

* iodine mordant
* crystal violet dye

The part of endotoxin that provokes the inflammatory response is

lipid A

In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is in the mitochondrial inner membrane, in the bacteria it is in the

cell (plasma) membrane

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is caused by a

prion

Which type of organism can perform aerobic respiration, but in the absence of oxygen, can perform anaerobic respiration or fermentation instead

facultative anaerobe

MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus

Cows are asymptomatic carriers fo

E. coli O157:H7

If you have 80 bacterial colonies on your plate, which you plated by spreading a 150 micrometers volume, how many bacteria per mL do you have in the tube from which you took in 150 micrometers

533\.3

Which of these is the definition of a pathogen that attacks primarily immunocompromised hosts

opportunistic

Which of theses is the active ingredient in standard household bleach

* hypochlorous acid
* sodium hypochlorite

Which of these disease-causing organisms are protazoan

* Entamoeba histolytica
* Giardia lamblia
* Leishmania
* Toxoplasma gondii
* Trichomonas vaginalis

In the case in Australia discussed in class, a rugby player died of meningitis after contracting the rat lungworm, which is a roundworm called Angiostrongylus cantonensis. He got this from eating raw

slugs

When an ELISA is used to determine if a sample from a patient actually contains a a particular pathogenic organism, the secondary antibody must recognize and bind specifically to

antigen from the organism

Wolbachia that live as endosymbionts within some species of filarial worms are required for the worms reproduction. This means that killing the Wolbachia with --------can prevent the worm from reproducing

antibacterial agents

Which of these is in the correct hierarchical classification order

* phylum
* class
* order
* family
* genus
* species

Malaria is caused by an Apicomplexan parasite of the genus

Plasmodium

The technique “FISH” might be used to determine if bacteria in a patient sample have a particular sequence encoding a virulence factor. In order to do this the fluorescent marker would be attached to a ------probe

DNA

Which of these is a subdivision of Proteobacteria

* alpha
* beta
* gamma
* delta
* epsilon

Which of these is Gram positive

Clostridium botulinum

The classification term firmicute is at the level of

phylum

Which of these is a genus of enteric bacteria

* Escherichia
* Klebsiella
* Salmonella
* Shigella
* Yersinia

The dangerous, water-borne, meningitis-causing organism Naegleria Fowler is a

Protozoan

When DNA is transferred directly from one live bacterium to another, that is called

conjugation

The organism that causes malaria has life stages in the human tissue

* liver
* blood

Which of these is the definition of mycosis (fungal disease) that occurs beneath the skin

subcutaneous

When DNA is accidentally picked up from a bacterium by a bacterial virus and transferred to another bacterium this is called

transduction

Which of these pathogens are Spirochetes

* Borrelia burgdorferii
* Treponema pallidum

Organisms fo which of these genera would definitely not be affected by drugs that affect bacterial cell wall development

Pneumoncystis

Which is not a difference between bacteria and archaea

different location fo the DNA genome within the cell

Chlamydia trachoma’s is transmitted as a -------- that can survive briefly outside of host cells

elementary body

In food production, the gelling and thickening agents agar and carrageenan are harvested from

red algae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is most closely related to which of these bacteria

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Infections by this Apicomplexan parasite are more often spread by contaminated meat than by contact with cats. Although its definitive host is the cat, it is also considered a food-bourne pathogen

Toxoplasma

Which of these antibiotics interferes with bacterial DNA integrity/maintenance

ciprofloxacin

Which of these disease causing organisms is not transmitted by arthropods

Vibrio cholera

The ELISA identification method is a---------- testing method

serological

Botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin are both produced by species of the bacterial genus

Clostridium

Bacterial cell walls are constructed of

peptidoglycan

Which of these are antimicrobial agents that damage bacterial cell walls

penicillin

Nematodes are

roundworms

Which of these bacteria is the causative agent of stomach ulcers

Helicobacter pylori

Which of these organisms is a fungus that often causes systematic mycoses in AIDS patients

Cryptococcus neoformans

Which of these fungi is commonly used in the production of bread, beer, wine

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

When an ELISA is used to determine if a patient has been exposed to a particular pathogenic organism, the secondary antibody must recognize and bind to

human antibodies

Which of these fungi are transmitted to healthy adults by inhalation of spores and are a risk for farm and forestry workers

* Blastomyces dermatitidis
* Histoplasma capsulatum

Which of these is the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis

Streptococcus pyogenes

Species of Chlamydia or the closely related genus Chlamydophila can cause all of these conditions except

leprosy

Tapeworms are in the phylum Platyhelminthes, which are

flatworms

A species of -------- caused the Irish potato blight and famine

oomycete (Oomycota)

Which of these harmful bacterial species is not a gram positive firmicute

Salmonella typii

Whooping cough is also called

pertussis

The organism that causes whooping cough is a

Proteobacterium

Which of these fungal pathogens can be contracted by ingestion

Encephalitozoon intestinalis

Which of these are antimicrobial agents that damage cell membranes and could be expected capable of broad spectrum killing of infectious agents that are surrounded by a membrane

* acid-anionic detergents
* chlorhexidine
* ethanol

Viruses are replicating their genome, making proteins, and assembling visions during the ------ period

eclipse

Which of these is NOT transmitted by a prion

rabies