Kingdom Animalia- Protostome Coelomate Animals BIO102

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum in which organisms are...

-Mostly aquatic, few are terrestrial

-Billaterally symmetrical

-Motile as adults

-Triploblastic

-Coelomate

-Protostomes

-Have a muscular foot and a mantle

Mollusca

Phylum ___________ contains chitons, snails, slugs, bivalves, squid, and octopuses

Mantle, Muscular foot

The two major characteristics that all mollusks have are... (alphabetical order)

Muscular foot

Muscle tissue specialized for movement in mollusks

Mantle

A tissue that either acts as a body covering or lines the inside of the shell in mollusks.

calcium carbonate

In shelled mollusks, the mantle secretes ___________ ___________ to enlarge the shell.

restricted winter growth

The ridges on the shell of a bivalve represent periods of...

shell

All mollusks except slugs and octopuses have a ________ of calcium carbonate

Visceral mass

Some mollusks have a __________ __________: a mass of interconnected body organs

Radula

Some mollusks have __________: teeth-like structures of calcium carbonate used for scraping or grinding

Gills, lungs

Aquatic mollusks have ________ while terrestrial mollusks have ________, both of which are true respitory organs.

Mollusks

The first phylum of animals to have a circulatory system are the...

open circulatory system

Most mollusks have a(n) __________ _________ _________ in which blood circulates through vessels that release into a hemocoel, then re-enters the heart through ostia.

hemocoel

The ____________ is the cavity in which blood collects within an open circulatory system.

ostia

In an open circulatory system, blood re-enters the heart through small holes in the heart called...

closed circulatory system

Cephalopod mollusks have a(n) _________ _________ _________ in which blood only travels through the heart and blood vessels. There is no cavity where blood collects or holes in the heart.

trochophore

Most mollusks, annelid worms, and arthropods produce a ______________ larval stage

cilia

Trochophore larva possess _______ in tufts at the ends as well as in a belt around the middle, which allows it to be motile.

Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora

The classes of Phylum Mollusca are... (alphabetical order)

Polyplacophora

Chitons make up Class...

8 flexible interlocking plates

All organisms of Class Polyplacophora possess a shell consisting of...

radula, muscular foot, gills

All organisms of Class Polyplacophora possess _________ within their sucker-like mouths for scraping, a broad _________ _________, and _________ that run along each side.

Bivalvia

Class ___________ contains clams, mussels, scallops, and oysters

two shells

All bivalves posses ______ ______ that enclose the body

filter-feed

Bivalves ______-______ by drawing water into their bodies for nutrition and respiration

gills, radula

Bivalves possess _________ but lack _________

Limited

Bivalves have _________ cephalization

Gastropoda

Class ___________ contains snails and slugs

snails, slugs

In Class Gastropoda, __________ possess a shell while ________ lack a shell

radula, cephalization

Gastropods possess __________ for scraping and exhibit _____________ by having obvious heads with antennae

terrestrial

Gastropods are the only mollusks to have any _____________ species.

Cephalopoda

Class ____________ contains octopuses, squid (and cuttlefish), and chambered nautilus

head, eyes

Cephalopods are the most cephalized mollusks because they have an obvious _______ with _______.

closed, muscular foot

Cephalopods have a _________ circulatory system and a __________ __________ divided into arms and/or tentacles

shell

Octopuses lack a...

internal

Squid have an ___________ shell

external

Chambered Nautilus have an _________ shell

Phylum Annelida

Phylum in which organisms are...

-Aquatic, moistly terrestrial, or ectoparasitic

-All bilaterally symmetrical

-All motile as adults

-Triploblastic

-Coelomates

-Protostomes

-segmented worms

segmentation

Annelid worms are the first animals to exhibit...

Annelida

Phylum ___________ contains earthworms, marine bristle worms, and leeches

Metameres

External visible body segments are called...

Chaetae, setae

Hair-like bristles extending from metameres used in swimming or for traction when burrowing (two different names, alphabetical order)

Nephrida

True execratory organs that filter waste out of the blood; a pair sit in each metamere

Nephridiopore

A pore on the bottom of each metamere that filtered waste is released from is called a...

Clitellum

Earthworms possess a ____________: a wide band of fused metameres capable of producing mucus

Copulation

The clitellum is used for ____________: the exchange of sperm between two worms fusing in opposite directions

Cocoon formation

The clitellum is used for _________ ________: the clitellum secretes mucus that slides anteriorly, eggs and collected sperm are added, and the mucus slides off the the anterior end containing fertilized eggs.

Trochophore

Earthworms produce the _____________ larval stage, same as mollusks

Hirudinea, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta

Classes of Phylum Annelida, (Alphabetical order)

Polychaeta

Annelid class with the most cephalized annelids possessing antennae and possessing numerous chaeta attached to parapodia

Marine Bristleworms

The common name for organisms in Class Polychaeta is...

Parapodia

Flap-like tissues that attach to the metameres, can have attached setae/chaetae

Oligochaeta

Annelid class in which organisms lack obvious cephalization, but possess a clitellum closest to the anterior end, as well as lacking parapodia but possessing few, short chaetae attached to each metamere

Terrestrial earthworms

Class Oligochaeta contains...

Hirudinae

Annelid class that contains ectoparasites which lack chaetae/setae but possess two suckers

Parasitic leeches

Class Hirudinae contains...

Hirudin

Parasitic leeches secrete an anesthetic and an anticoagulant called _________ which prevents blood clotting

Arthropoda

Phylum in which organisms (are):

-aquatic, terrestrial, or aerial

-all bilaterally symmetrical

-all motile as adults

-triploblastic

-coelomate

-protostomes

-exhibit unequal segmentation

-have jointed body and appendages

legs

The appendages all arthropods possess are called ________, the number of which varies between subphyla

Pleopods/swimmerettes

Appendages that are present under the abdomen of most aquatic arthropods. There are two possible names (alphabetical order)

Wings

Appendages present in aerial arthropods, one or two pairs of which exist

Antennae

Appendages present on the heads of some arthropods

Chelicerae

Arthropod mouth parts that are feeding appendages outside of the mouth used to move food closer/inside

Mandibles

Arthropod mouth parts that are a pair of jaws used to mechanically break down food

cephalothorax, abdomen

Arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and crustaceans possess two major body regions called ________________ and ______________. (anterior to posterior order)

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

Insects, centipedes, and millipedes possess three major body regions called _____________, _____________, and _____________. (anterior to posterior order)

exoskeleton

All arthropods possess a(n) _____________ which is an armor-like protective outer covering which is restrictive in regards to growth

chitin

The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of...

Ecdysis

The process involving the removal/shedding of the exoskeleton allowing for growth of the arthropod is called ____________. (also known as molting)

open

Arthropods possess a(n) __________ circulatory system.

leg, habitat, mouth part

The subphyla of phylum Arthropoda are classified based on _______ number, ____________, and which _________ _________developed first embryonically.

Chelicerformes

Subphylum ____________:

-8 legs

-mostly terrestrial

-develop chelicerae first embryonically

Arachnids, horseshoe crabs

Subphylum Chelicerformes contains what two types of organisms? (alphabetical order)

Myriapoda

Subphylum _____________:

-Many legs

-Terrestrial

-Develop mandibles first embryonically

Centipedes, millipedes

Subphylum Myriapoda contains what two types of organisms? (alphabetical order)

Hexapoda

Subphylum _____________:

-6 legs

-terrestrial

-Develop mandibles first embryonically

Insects

Subphylum Hexapoda contains what type of organisms?

Crustacea

Subphylum _____________:

-10 legs

-Mostly aquatic

-Develop mandibles first embryonically

Arachnida, Merostomata

The two Classes of subphylum Chelicerformes are... (alphabetical order)

Merostomata

Class ______________:

-All are marine

-Chelicerae are exhibited as feeding pinchers outside the mouth

-Horseshoe crabs

-in subphylum Chelicerformes

Arachnida

Class _____________:

-all are terrestrial

-Chelicerae are exhibited as fangs used to pierce prey

-Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

-in subphylum Chelicerformes

Chilopoda, Diplopoda

The two Classes of subphylum Myriapoda are... (alphabetical order)

Chilopoda

Class ___________:

-All terrestrial

-Possess one pair of legs per body segment

-Carnivores

-Centipedes

-In subphylum Myriapoda

Diplopoda

Class _____________:

-All terrestrial

-Possess two pairs of legs per body segment

-Herbivores

-Millipedes

Insecta

Class ____________:

-Most are capable of flight

-All possess Malpighian tubules

-Many undergo metamorphosis

-only class of Subphyla Hexapoda

Escape predators, search for new food sources, search for new mates

Three advantages of flight in Class Insecta: (alphabetical order)

Malpighian Tubules

Excretory tubules that filter liquid and gaseous waste out of the blood and empty it into the intestine for expulsion out of the anus along with fecal matter. All insects possess these.

Complete metamorphosis

Many insects undergo ____________ ___________, a complete change from larval stage to adult.

Gradual Metamorphosis

Some insects undergo ____________ ____________, where the juvenile looks like the adult, but is smaller in size.

Crustacea

Subphyla ____________ contains crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, barnacles, etc. Most are aquatic and have 10 legs. (Do not need to know specific classes)