Vocabulary Exam 3.6 2nd column, 3.2C, 3.2D, 3.3

ap psych

Imaginary Audience

Definition: Belief that everyone is watching and judging you.
Example: Feeling like everyone notices your bad hair day.

Personal Fable

Definition: Belief that your experiences are unique and others can’t understand.
Example: “No one has ever felt this sad before.”
Mnemonic: You are the “main character.”

Social Clock

Definition: Society’s expectations for when life events should happen.
Example: Graduate → job → marriage → kids.

Emerging Adulthood

Definition: Ages 18–25, transition between teen and full adult.
Example: College student exploring careers.

Identity

Definition: Your sense of who you are.
Example: Your beliefs, goals, and personality.

Social Identity

Definition: Part of identity based on group membership.
Example: Athlete, student, gamer, culture.

Achievement (Identity)

Definition: Explored options and made a clear choice.
Example: Explored careers and chose to be a nurse.

Diffusion (Identity)

Definition: No exploration and no commitment.
Example: “I don’t know what I want to do.”

Foreclosure (Identity)

Definition: Commitment without exploring.
Example: Becoming a doctor because parents said so.

Moratorium (Identity)

Definition: Exploring but not decided yet.
Example: Trying different hobbies or careers.

Psychosocial Stages of Development

Definition: Erikson’s 8 stages where people face social/emotional conflicts.

Trust vs Mistrust (0–1 year)

Definition: Babies learn if they can trust caregivers.
Example: Caregiver feeds baby → trust develops.

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1–3 years)

Definition: Child learns independence.
Example: Dressing themselves.

Initiative vs Guilt (3–6 years)

Definition: Child starts activities and uses imagination.
Example: Pretend play.

Industry vs Inferiority (6–12 years)

Definition: Child develops competence and skills.
Example: Learning math, sports.

Identity vs Role Confusion (12–18 years)

Definition: Teen figures out who they are.
Example: Trying different styles or friend groups.

Intimacy vs Isolation (young adulthood)

Definition: Ability to form close relationships.
Example: Close friendships or romantic relationships.

Intimacy

Definition: Emotional closeness with another person.
Example: Sharing personal thoughts with someone.

Generativity vs Stagnation (middle adulthood)

Definition: Helping future generations.
Example: Parenting or mentoring. Mnemonic: Generate = help others grow.

Integrity vs Despair (old age)

Definition: Looking back with satisfaction or regret.
Example: Feeling proud of your life.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Definition: Traumatic or stressful childhood events.
Examples: Abuse, neglect, unsafe home.

Adolescence

Definition: Transition period from child to adult (teen years).
Mnemonic: Teen growth stage.

Puberty

Definition: Physical changes that make body able to reproduce.
Example: Voice deepens, growth spurts.
Mnemonic: Puberty = body maturity.

Primary Sex Characteristics

Definition: Reproductive organs.
Examples: Ovaries, testes.

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Definition: Physical changes not directly related to reproduction.
Examples: Body hair, deeper voice, breasts.

Menarche

Definition: First menstrual period.
Mnemonic: MEN-arche = menstruation starts.

Spermarche

Definition: First ejaculation.
Mnemonic: SPERM-arche = sperm starts.

Menopause

Definition: End of menstrual cycles.
Mnemonic: MEN-o-pause = menstruation pauses.

Sex

Definition: Biological classification (male, female, intersex).
Based on: chromosomes, hormones, anatomy.

Gender

Definition: Social and psychological identity.
Example: Masculine, feminine, nonbinary.