Replication

4.0(1)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/22

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

23 Terms

1
New cards
Leading strand
synthesized continuously
2
New cards
lagging strand
A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.
3
New cards
DNA Polymerase III
In charge of synthesizing nucleotides onto the leading end in the classic 5' to 3' direction.
4
New cards
DNA Ligase
an enzyme that eventually joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments
5
New cards
DNA Polymerase I
removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA
6
New cards
Telomeres
DNA at the tips of chromosomes
7
New cards
Telomerase
An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells.
8
New cards
Primer
a short stretch of RNA that tells DNA Polymerase III where to start replication
9
New cards
Helicase
unwinds DNA
10
New cards
Topoisomerase
corrects "overwinding" ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
11
New cards
Okazaki fragments
segments of the lagging strand
12
New cards
Mismatch repair
repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing
13
New cards
Euchromatin
a region of DNA that is uncoiled and undergoing active transcription into RNA
14
New cards
Heterochromatin
DNA that is densely packed around histones. The genes in heterochromatin are generally inaccessible to enzymes and are turned off.
15
New cards
nuclease
A DNA cutting enzyme that excises damaged DNA.
16
New cards
nucleotide excision repair
a nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA
17
New cards
semiconservative replication
each new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand
18
New cards
Base pair rules
A pairs with T
19
New cards
C pairs with G
20
New cards
Hershey and Chase
Used radioactive material to label DNA and protein; infected bacteria passed on DNA; helped prove that DNA is genetic material not proteins
21
New cards
Frederick Griffith
Discovered transformation in pneumonia-causing bacteria.
22
New cards
Chagraff's rule
A=T and C=G
23
New cards
Rosalind Franklin
Used X-ray diffraction to discover the double-helical structure of DNA.