Social Development and Theory of Mind

These flashcards cover key concepts related to social development, egocentrism, theory of mind, and constructivism as discussed in the lecture.

Egocentrism

The belief that what one sees, knows, or believes is the same for everyone else.

Theory of Mind (ToM)

The understanding that others have minds that are different from one's own, including their thoughts, beliefs, and preferences.

Preoperational Stage

A developmental stage where children transition from egocentrism to understanding that others have different perspectives.

Disequilibrium

A state where existing schemas cannot explain new observations, leading to increased cognitive engagement.

Equilibrium

A state where previously learned schemas correctly explain observations, leading to reduced cognitive attention.

Constructivism Theory

The theory that knowledge is actively constructed by learners based on their experiences.

Little Scientist Model

The idea that children learn by exploring their environment and asking questions about new stimuli.

Independent Variable (in experiments)

The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable (in experiments)

The outcome that is measured in an experiment, affected by changes in the independent variable.

Attention Increase

In disequilibrium, children focus more on stimuli as they try to learn and create new schemas.