Anatomy exam style questions

Which structure forms myelin in the CNS?
A. Schwann cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Microglia

C

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?
A. Microglia
B. Astrocytes
C. Ependymal cells
D. Schwann cells

B

Which of the following correctly describes afferent neurons?
A. Carry motor signals to muscles
B. Carry sensory signals to CNS
C. Connect neurons within CNS
D. Carry autonomic signals from CNS

B

Which embryonic tissue gives rise to the nervous system?
A. Mesoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Ectoderm
D. Splanchnic mesoderm

C

The neural crest gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Sensory ganglia
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Schwann cells
D. Cerebral cortex

D

Which brain vesicle forms the cerebrum?
A. Mesencephalon
B. Telencephalon
C. Myelencephalon
D. Metencephalon

B

The alar plate of the spinal cord develops into:
A. Motor neurons
B. Autonomic neurons
C. Sensory neurons
D. Interneurons

C

Which flexure creates the forward bend in the embryonic brain axis?
A. Cervical flexure
B. Telencephalic flexure
C. Pontine flexure
D. Cephalic flexure

D

The dorsal horns of the spinal cord primarily contain:
A. Motor neurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Autonomic neurons
D. Interneurons only

B

Which structure anchors the spinal cord to the sacrum?
A. Cauda equina
B. Dorsal median sulcus
C. Filum terminale
D. Conus medullaris

C

Which tunic of the eye contains the cornea and sclera?
A. Neural tunic
B. Vascular tunic
C. Fibrous tunic
D. Choroidal tunic

C

The function of the ciliary body is to:
A. Produce vitreous humor
B. Produce aqueous humor and control lens shape
C. Control pupil size
D. Absorb excess light

B

Which structure provides the greatest refractive power?
A. Lens
B. Cornea
C. Vitreous body
D. Iris

B

The optic nerve is formed by axons of which retinal cells?
A. Rods
B. Cones
C. Bipolar cells
D. Ganglion cells

D

Which part of the ear contains the ossicles?
A. Outer ear
B. Middle ear
C. Inner ear
D. Cochlea only

B

Which of the following detects angular (rotational) acceleration?
A. Cochlea
B. Saccule
C. Utricle
D. Semicircular ducts

D

Which structure equalizes pressure between the middle ear and nasopharynx?
A. Cochlear duct
B. Oval window
C. Eustachian tube
D. Round window

C

Damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III) results in all EXCEPT:
A. Ptosis
B. Mydriasis
C. Eye deviated down and out
D. Loss of hearing

D

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
A. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
B. Facial (VII)
C. Trigeminal (V)
D. Vagus (X)

B

Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
A. Oculomotor
B. Trochlear
C. Abducens
D. Optic

C

The vestibulocochlear nerve carries:
A. Smell and sight
B. Hearing and balance
C. Taste and facial sensation
D. Swallowing and parasympathetic output

B

Damage to the hypoglossal nerve causes the tongue to deviate:
A. Away from the lesion
B. Toward the lesion
C. Upward
D. No deviation

B

Which of the following correctly matches a tract with its function?
A. Ascending tracts – carry motor commands
B. Descending tracts – carry sensory information
C. Dorsal column – fine touch and proprioception
D. Spinothalamic tract – voluntary muscle control

C

Failure of the neural tube to close caudally results in:
A. Anencephaly
B. Hydrocephalus
C. Spina bifida
D. Meningoencephalocele

C

Which structure is derived from the mesencephalon and remains undivided during development?
A. Pons
B. Midbrain
C. Medulla
D. Cerebrum

B

The mantle layer of the neural tube later becomes:
A. White matter
B. Grey matter
C. Dura mater
D. Choroid plexus

B

A dog presents with loss of sensation in the limbs but preserved motor function. Which area is most likely damaged?
A. Ventral horn
B. Basal plate
C. Dorsal horn
D. Lateral horn

C

Which of the following spinal cord regions contains autonomic neurons?
A. Dorsal horn
B. Ventral horn
C. Lateral horn
D. Intermediate sulcus

C

The structure responsible for supplying nutrients to the outer retina is the:
A. Vitreous body
B. Aqueous humor
C. Choroid
D. Canal of Schlemm

C

Contraction of the circular muscles of the iris results in:
A. Mydriasis
B. Miosis
C. Convergence
D. Accommodation

B

The function of the tympanic bulla in many animals is to:
A. Produce endolymph
B. Amplify sound
C. Maintain air pressure
D. Equalize pressure with the pharynx

B

A horse shows inability to blink and drooping of the ear on one side. Which nerve is most likely damaged?
A. Trigeminal (V)
B. Facial (VII)
C. Abducens (VI)
D. Trochlear (IV)

B

Loss of the gag reflex indicates damage to which cranial nerve(s)?
A. CN IX only
B. CN X only
C. CN IX and X
D. CN VII and XII

C