micro 4

16-18

keratin

give ability to withstand damage, abrasions, and water penetration

skin defenses

shed outer layer along with microbes sitting on outer layer, defensins

defensins

antimicrobial peptides that have a positive charge that act to disrupt the negatively charged bacterial membranes

sebum

low pH makes skin inhospitable, oily

sweat

inhibits microbes due to low pH and high salt concentrations

lysozymes

enzymes found in sweat, tears, and saliva, can break down peptidoglycan

exanthem

skin rash arising from another focus of the infection

enanthem

mucus membrane rash arising from another focus of the infection

vesicle

small fluid-filled lesion

bulla

large fluid-filled lesion

macule

flat lesion lacking fluid

papule

raised solid lesions

pustule

raised solid lesions containing pus

maculopapular

flat to slightly raised colored bumps

measles microbe type

virus

measles causative agent

Morbillivirus

measles reservoir

humans

measles transmission

respiratory droplets

measles signs & symptoms

exanthem & enanthem rash

rubella microbe type

virus

rubella causative agent

Rubivirus

rubella reservoir

humans

rubella transmission

respiratory droplet, transplacental

rubella signs & symptoms

adults- mostly asymptomatic

prenatal- miscarriage or permanent birth defects

Fifth disease microbe type

virus

fifth disease causative agent

Parvovirus B19

fifth disease reservoir

humans

fifth disease transmission

respiratory droplets

fifth disease signs & symptoms

“slapped cheek” appearance

Roseola microbe type

virus

roseola causative agent

HHV-6, HHV-7

roseola reservoir

humans

roseola transmission

respiratory droplets

roseola signs & symptoms

high fever that comes on quickly & lasts up to 3 days

scarlet fever microbe type

bacterium

scarlet fever causative agent

Streptococcus pyogenes

scarlet fever reservoir

humans

scarlet fever transmission

respiratory droplets, result of respiratory infection with strep

scarlet fever signs & symptoms

strawberry tongue

impetigo microbe type

bacterium

impetigo causative agent

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or both

impetigo reservoir

humans

impetigo transmission

direct contact, indirect contact, mechanical vectors

impetigo signs & symptoms

flaky scabs, looks like peeling skin

cellulitis microbe type

bacteria or fungi

cellulitis causative agent

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

cellulitis reservoir

humans

cellulitis transmission

endogenous, results from previous infection going deeper into skin

Dermolytic disease

infection in the dermis and hypodermis (lower layers of skin)

dermolytic disease signs and symptoms

lymphangitis (red lines leading away from area)

Staphylococcal Scaled Skin Syndrome microbe type

Bacterium

SSSS causative agent

Staphylococcus aureus

SSSS reservoir

humans

SSSS transmission

direct contact and carriers (typically caregivers)

SSSS signs and symptoms

bullous lesions, desquamation, looks like severe burns

desquamation

peeling of the outer layer of skin

chickenpox microbe type

virus

chickenpox causative agent

HHV-3

chickenpox reservoir

humans

chickenpox transmission

respiratory droplets, direct contact

chickenpox signs and symptoms

start as macules and papules and progress to itchy vesicles

creeper virus

virus that hides dormant in host for extended periods and can reactivate

shingles development

reactivation of chickenpox

shingles s&s

asymmetrical distribution on head or trunk of vesicles, inflammation of nerve ganglia causing pain and tenderness

hand foot mouth microbe type

virus

hand foot mouth causative agent

Enterovirus

hand foot mouth reservoir

humans

hand foot mouth transmission

respiratory droplets, direct contact w contaminated mucus, indirect contact via fomites

hand foot mouth s&s

painful blisters in mouth, rashes on hands and feet

smallpox microbe type

virus

smallpox causative agent

variola virus

smallpox reservoir

used to be humans, now NONE

smallpox transmission

indirect contact, respiratory droplet

smallpox s&s

rash on tongue and in mouth that bursts and rash spreads to rest of body, pustule lesions

MRSA s&s

Look like ordinary staph infections, most mild, can get deeper infections

Leishmaniasis microbe type

Protozoan

Leishmaniasis Causative agent

Leishmania species

Leishmaniasis Reservoir

Various mammals

Leishmaniasis Transmission

Female sand fly bite, vector

Leishmaniasis s&s

Pustular skin lesions

cutaneous anthrax microbe type

bacteria

cutaneous anthrax causative agent

Bacillus anthracis

cutaneous anthrax reservoir

environment (soil)

cutaneous anthrax transmission

endospores inhaled or gets into cuts

cutaneous anthrax s&s

papule that becomes necrotic and ruptures to form black eschar

necrotizing fasciitis microbe type

bacteria

necrotizing fasciitis causative agent

Group A Streptococcus

necrotizing fasciitis reservoir

humans

necrotizing fasciitis transmission

direct contact via open wounds

necrotizing fasciitis s&s

purple or blackened skin around wound, bullae near wound, potential organ failure

mycoses

fungal infections

cutaneous mycoses

dermatophytes that colonize hair, nails, and outer layer of epidermis

subcutaneous mycoses

infection of deeper layers of skin, enters through trauma to skin

candidiasis

yeast infection of vagina, skin, mouth, or systemic caused by candida spp

thrush

candida infection of oral cavity

ringworm microbe type

fungus

ringworm causative agents

Trichopyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

ringworm reservoir

humans, soil, pets

ringworm transmission

direct and indirect contact with infected humans and animals and from the soil

ringworm s&s

circular rash