AGE OF EXPLORATION + AGE OF ABSOLUTISM

Baroque

architectural style that was used by absolute monarchs to enhance their rule

service to the state

One of the main aims of Peter the Great's reforms was to make social status more dependent upon it

the War of Spanish Succession

ended France's global position as the leading European power. 

Petition of Rights

an attempt by Parliament to curtail Charles I's absolutist rule.

ship money

viewed as the most absurd way that Charles I raised revenue

alternate attendance system/ hostage system

enacted by the Shoguns was meant to ensure the loyalty of the daimyo

demographic effect of the Columbian Exchange was:

the decline in the Native American population as a result of small pox

Who dominated the Transatlantic Slave trade

Portugal

Treaty of Nerchinsk

the first modern treaty, written in 5 languages, Latin mancha, russian, mongolian,chinese- declared that russia can trade with china, border is moved in chinas favor, and british east india company

creoles

pure Spanish descent but born in the colonies

Bartolome de las Casas

His written works created the "Black Legend." came to convert the natives and saw the way they were treated and criticized the spanish his own people

Vasco de Gama

He rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached India.

Tokugawa clan

This family dominated the Shogunate from the 17th-mid 18th centuries

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal

was driven by religious motivation to create an alliance amongst Christian rulers against Muslim ones

William and Mary Orange

They were the first limited monarchs of England

misogyny

the hatred of women

Edict of Fontainbleu

revoked the Edict of Nantes.

Malacca

the Spice Islands

mercantilism

the most significant effect of European colonization upon European countries

Rump Parliament

the Parliament that was left after the Civil War & the purging of the nobility

the reasons for the decline in the witchcraft hysteria by mid-17th century. Name 3

(1) the wealthy stopped pursuing it

(2) increasing religious toleration 

(3) there was a spread of education

Portugal's early success in the Age of Exploration can be attributed to these two things

(1) Naval strength (2) weapons

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the World into two spheres. East of the line went to ________ & West of the line went to ___________.

east of the line went to Portugal and west of the line went to Spain?

Short Parliament

the term for the Parliament that met for 1 month in 1640

Who is dominating in the age of exploration

At first Spain and Portugal, then Dutch, then British and French, Great Britain ends up dominating in the end

The age of exploration

Aka Age of discovery or The period of old imperialism, first wave of the creation of a global empire for many countries

Why were Spian amd Portugal dominating at first?

They dominated ship building, great navigational skills, wealthy empire, and stable monarchy

What are the 3 G’s? What significance do they have?

God,glory,gold - motivations for age of exploration

What causes the age of exploration?

1453- Ottomans sack Byzatime Empire/ Constantinople, ottomans control trade across Asia with the silk road

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

Divided the world into the eastern hemisphere and western hemisphere, Portugal got eastern hemisphere trade routes, sea routes from africa up into asia - Spain gets western hemisphere, North america central america and south america exculding brazil

The columbian exchange

Started with Columbus, exhange of goods from Europe (old world) to the Americas (new world), horses, cows. figs, sugar cane given to Americas, tobacco,potatoes,corn,tomatoes given to europe

What happened to natives in spain colonies?

They get diseases such as smallpox, they get treated horribly by spanish concisquators

Black legends

The idea that the Spainsh were uniquely cruel in their treatment of the natives

What was the lasting impact of the age of exploration?

Religious conversion

What is the only region not concerns about religious conversion?

Dutch, they are allowed to continue trading in Japan

The port of Nagasaki

Where the Dutch were allowed to trade with japanese, dutch were extremely restricted

What happens to Spain after age of exploration?

Their power and monarchy declines

Age of Absolutism- how were women affected ?

They weren't affected by absolutism instead they were affected by 17th century, misogyny spread, the witch hysteria. They are viewed as devils and gullible

Scientistfic revolution- how were women affected ?

The idea that women are inferior is proven by science

Effects of 30 years war

End of religious tension, growth of religious tolerance, increase in education

Causes of 30 years war

Hasburg- Vailous monarchy , Religious issues ( Protestants v Catholics )

What are the 4 phases of the 30 years war?

bohemian Phase, danish Phase, Swedish Phase,( all religious wars, protestant v catholic, catholic wins each time )Franco- Swedish Phase ( France gets involved and wins )

Absolute monarchy

King has complete control, justifyed by divine right theory

Why does age of absolutism start?

Because of age of exploration, more wealth makes monarchs more powerful and nobels less powerful

Rise of scienctific revolution causes….

Age of absolutism to be chipped away at bc ppl began to question the church meaning they questioned the divine right theory

Galein

Midevil scientist, everything was based off his ideas

Paracousis

Comes up with alike cures alike

When did the English Civil War occur?

1642-1651

Who fought in the English Civil War?

Royalists vs Parliamentarians.

Who was King James I?

First Stuart king; believed in divine right; sponsored English Bible translation.

Who was Charles I?

King who ruled without Parliament and sparked the English Civil War.

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

Leader of the Parliamentarian army; ruled as Lord Protector.

What religious issue helped cause the English Civil War?

Conflict between Anglicans and Puritans.

What political issue helped cause the English Civil War?

Charles I refused to share power with Parliament.

What economic issue helped cause the English Civil War?

Charles I raised money without

Parliament's approval.

What was the first major battle of the English Civil War?

Battle of Edgehill (1642).

What decisive battle led to Charles l's capture?

Battle of Naseby (1645).

What happened after the Parliamentarian victory?

Charles I was executed; Cromwell took power; monarchy later restored.

What principle did the English

Civil War establish?

Parliamentary sovereignty.

Who replaced James II?

William of Orange.

the maglacarra 1215

the kings power is limited with parliament's consent, parliament had the power to tax / rasise money. kings didn't have to adhere to it but its tradition

Why was there a fear of a catholic ruler?

Mary Tutor killed loads of anglicans and she was catholic