Africa content quiz study guide

The Bantu Migration

Niger-Congo speaking families migrating across Africa. This brought advanced farming techniques, adaption to diverse environments, and animal husbandry.

Who were the congo-niger?

indigenous of Africa

The African Slave trade

15 million Africans were transported across the Atlantic Ocean to be sold as slaves in the Carribean.

Early characteristics of the African Slave trade:

Portuguese purchased enslaved tribal war Africans, and captured them

The Middle Passage

brutal, overcrowded, unsanitary conditions, deaths

Colonization of Africa

Africa’s kingdom spread to Europe becoming a center for long-distance trade

“Scramble for Africa”

europeans rapidly taking african areas, and aggressively colonizing the continent

The Berlin Conference

European leaders met to formalize territorial claims, but no African rep showed. This resulted in arbitrary borders that cut across ethnic, religious, and cultural lines.

Apartheid

a system for keeping white people and non-whites separated in South Africa

Homelands

10 territories that blacks moved to

in 1985 Great Britain and the US ________ trade with South Africa

restricted

in 1990-91, what did the gov. and Nelson Mandela end?

most of the apartheid laws

imperialism

when another country has control over you

Triangular trade

Slaves from Africa get sent to the Americas to produce goods, and then sent to Europe for manufacturing

Sahara desert

Largest hot desert, crossroads of ancient trade and culture

Kalahari desert

semi-arid, dry, sands contain high levels of CO2

Sahel desert

transition zone, semi-arid

Atlas Mountains

Longest range, natural boundary

Rwenzori Mountains

on the border, “mountains of the moon”, ecologically rich

Nile river

longest river

Niger river

unusual course, vital for trade

Congo river

“lungs of Africa”, absorb more CO2 than the Amazon rainforest

Zambezi river

rich fisheries, floodplants, fertile land

Lake Victoria

largest island lake, key water source

5 types of farming:

sedentary, commercial, subsistance, shifting cultivation, pastoralism

Sedentary farming

same land every year

Commercial

large-scale farming

Subsi

Shifting cultivation

slash and burn farming

Pastoralism

livestock-based farming

Ecotourism

tourism w/out harming the environment

ecommerce

selling things online

The Great Green mile

restricts the sahara’s spread

What are some of Africa’s natural resources?

cocoa, coffee, tea, cotton, gold, copper

what is a common issue in jobs?

exploitation

Africa has ____ birth rates and fertility rates

high

Africa has a ___ GDP

low

People of Africa:

54 independent countries, diverse, countries rely on art+music+oral literature, indigeneous, Arabs, Europeans, and South Asians

Language and Religion

2,000 languages (English, French, Portugese, Arabic), north+west=islam, south+east=christian, rituals

Education and Healthcare:

40% illiterate, highest death rate due to poor healthcare, sanitation, and malnutrition, tropical diseases, crop failures, war and revolution—>refugees

Women in Africa:

some countries lack gender equality, patriarchal, rights are increasing, more women in jobs and power

Africa Expressions:

sculpture, weaving, beading, painting, pottery, jewelry, dresses, art depends on beliefs and customs, clothing depends on religion, drums, thumb piano, senet, mancala

Africa is the most ____ continent

diverse