AP CSP VOCAB UNIT 1

Binary

A way of representing information using only 2 options

Bit

single unit of information in computer, 0 or 1

Byte

8 bits

Overflow Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large

Round-off Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. The value is rounded

Abstraction

When there is a simplified representation of something more complex. The process of removing unnecessary details to focus on essential ones.

Analog Data

Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Ex: music, colors of a painting, position of a sprinter during race

Digital Data

Data that changes discretely through finite set of possible values

Sampling

Process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring analog data at regular intervals called samples

Lossless Compression

Process for reducing number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. reversible

Lossy Compression

Process for reducing number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. irrerversible

Intellectual Property

Work or invention that is the result of creativity to which one has rights & for which one may apply for patent, copyright, trademark, etc.

Creative Commons

Collection of public copyright licenses that enable free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, & build upon a work that they have created

Open Source Software

software that is freely shared, updated, and supported by anyone who wants to do so

Pros of Open Source Software

availability of this software has greatly expanded people’s ability to complete tasks

Ensures better product w/ ideas & solutions to problems from many perspectives

Generally less error-prone products because of all ppl testing software

Cons of Open Source Software

Concerns if someone takes code from openly available programs & uses it with additional code they wrote, markets it in some way claiming it as their own

Someone inserts malware into open-source code thereby impacting everyone that downloads it

Open Access

online research output free of any & all restrictions on access & free of many restrictions on use, such as copyright or license restrictions 

Citation

Must do to sources; can be a link, desciption of where you found source, or formal version