(1) TERMS TO REMEMBER

Joseph Lister

• “sterile surgery”.

• He used phenol / carbolic acid as antiseptics for use in surgery and post-traumatic infections or “ward fever”.

Paul Ehrlich

synthesized and screened antibacterial dyes, organo-arsenicals and conceptualized “magic bullets”

salvarsan

compound 606

magic bullet

Compound that selectively targets a disease causing organism while having no negative effect on human tissue

selective toxicity

a property of a certain medicinal agent to kill one type of pathogenic microorganisms without harming the host’s cells

Group IIB - Mercury
Group VA - Arsenic & Bismuth

most successful anti-infective agents

atoxyl (sodium arsanilate and arsphenamine)

used for sleeping sickness

sulfa drugs

• first anti-bacteria

• Prontosil (red azo dye) → Sulfanilamide

Penicillin

first natural antibiotic

-cidal

kills the microorganisms

-static

inhibit or slow the growth of microorganisms but does not eradicate all organisms

antiseptic

Prevent or control infection of living surfaces

disinfectant

Prevent or control infection of non-living surfaces

anti-infectives

are substances that destroys or kills microorganisms that causes infection or inhibit it from spreading

germicides

• are compounds that is used locally to kill microorganism

• “local anti-infective agents”

spectrum of activity

broad or narrow indicates the potency to eliminate a large variety of organism types (or limited in the type of microorganisms it affects)

nosocomial

infection acquired while staying in a hospital or institution such as nursing home

irigation

method of washing a fluid antiseptic over the tissues to remove organisms

active vehicle

the solution used to dissolve and antiseptic has separate definite ability to destroy microorganisms

topical

applied to a surface (skin), not swallowed or injected

systemic

reaches the blood stream (circulation) after administration

eczematous dermatitis

high dose long-term exposure

hypothyroidism

iodine absorption

neurotoxicity

hexachlorophene

phenol coefficient

the ratio of a dilution of a given test disinfectant to the dilution of phenol required to kill a given strain of salmonella typhi