Nutrition Quiz 3

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31 Terms

1

Dipeptide

2 AA

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2

Tripeptide

3 AA

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3

Oligopeptide

3-30 AA

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4

Peptide

less than 50 AA

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5

Protein

Over 50 AA

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6

What makes up an AA?

Amine group, carboxyl group, chiral carbon (D vs. L), R group

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7

Which Chiral center is active?

L

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8

Which chiral center is inactive?

D

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9

Characteristics of AA

Zwitterions - no net charge, charges cancel out

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10

What determines identities of AA?

R group

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11

Aliphatic essential AA

Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine

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12

Hydroxyl essential AA

Threonine

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13

Sulfur essential AA

Methionine

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14

Acidic essential AA + their amides

none!

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15

Basic essential AA

ALL: arginine, lysine, histidine

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16

Aromatic essential AA

Histidine, Phenylalanine, tryptophan

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17

Imino essential AA

none!

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18

Characteristics of aliphatic AA

Added C’s and H’s

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19

Characteristics of hydroxyl AA

Added -OH

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20

Characteristics of Sulfur AA

Added -S

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21

Characteristics of Acidic AA + their amides

additional charges, important roles in body

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22

Characteristics of Basic AA

Amide group, basic + dipolar

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23

Characteristics of aromatic AA

Added rings

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24

Characteristics of Imino AA

Amine group in ring

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25

What’s special about taurine?

NOT an AA, lack chiral C; needed for bile salts, antioxidants, cell membranes, electrolyte balance; ESSENTIAL IN CATS

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26

AA functions

Protein synthesis (Muscle, tissue, hormones, enzyme formation), energy source, secondary functions

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27

How are AA used as energy sources

remove amino group (excreted in urea cycle), oxidize carbon skeleton

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28

Secondary function of histidine

Histamine (immune response)

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29

Secondary function of cysteine

Glutathione (tripeptide/protein formation, antioxidant)

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30

Secondary function of tyrosine

catecholamines (epinephrine), thyroid hormones

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31

Secondary function of tryptophan

Serotonin, melatonin

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