STEMScopes 8th grade Gravitational Forces and Kinetic Energy

Force

A push or pull between two objects

Mass

The matter in a object, which affects gravitational forces

Attract

Objects being pulled together

gravitational force

the force of attraction between all masses in the universe

Weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object

Interacting object

Objects that afffect one another

Attractive

Gravitational forces are always _______________

Greater

The _______________ the object's mass the greater its gravitational pull

Distance; weakens

As ______________ increases between two objects, the gravitational pull between them ____________

Smaller; greater

Given two objects, the object with the __________ mass will be pulled to the object with the ____________ mass

The sun has the greatest mass of any object in the solar system. As such, everything else will be attracted toward it.

the reason planets and other celestial objects in our solar system revolve around the sun

The rings are much closer to the planets than to the Sun. Hence, there will be a greater gravitational pull toward the planets than the Sun.

Many planets in our solar system (Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) have rings. If these rings are made of chunks of debris, why do they form around the planet and not travel towards the Sun

Gravitational force decreases greatly over long distances

. An astronaut way out in space is considered to be "weightless" This is because

Both objects must have very large masses

The gravitational force between two objects will be very small, unless...

when the masses are decreased and/or when the distance between the two objects is increased

How can gravitational force between two objects decrease?

kinetic energy

energy of motion

Joule

SI unit of energy

potential energy

stored energy due to an objects position, condition, or chemical composition.

Can an object have both potential and kinetic energy at the same time?

yes

Motion

An object's change in position relative to a reference point.

Speed

distance/time

Velocity

the speed of an object in a particular direction

Kinetic energy equation

KE=1/2mv^2 OR KE=mv^2/2

How are forces measured?

spring scale

What is the SI unit for force?

N (newtons)

What does gravity depend on?

the mass of the objects and the distance between them

Energy

the ability to do work

Anything that has mass has _______________________________

gravity

During any energy transformation, some energy is always converted to _______________________

thermal energy

Law of Conservation of Energy

the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

What is the relationship between KE and mass.

KE and mass are directly proportional

What is the relationship between KE and velocity?

KE and velocity are directly proportional

When calculating KE which variable had the most affect on KE?

velocity because it's squared

From the lab on NFL helmets, KE was directly related to what?

impact force

What unit do we use to calculate speed?

m/s

What unit do we use to calculate velocity?

m/s and a direction

How are energy transformations related to the law of conservation of energy?

they must follow the law of conservation of energy