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The layers of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are…

Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium

Which of these orders of functional muscle structures progresses from the smallest to largest in diameter?

Myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle

Why does a skeletal muscle fiber have more than one nucleus?

During development, groups of embryonic cells called myoblasts fuse together to form a single muscle fiber

The function of T tubules is to…

Help distribute the electrical impulse, which triggers the release of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

What type of muscular activity is present in a muscle at rest?

Motor units activate in a random pattern to cause slight constant tension, known as muscle tone

When a single motor neuron controls a greater number of muscle fibers in a motor unit

The less precise the control will be

The muscle fiber type that contains low myoglobin, large glycogen reserves and few mitochondria is called…

Fast fibers

Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement, in which more tension is generated during contraction, is called

Pennate

Which of the following events occurs in a muscle that is relaxing?

Acetylcholinesterase is present in the synaptic cleft

The steady increase in muscular tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called

Recruitment

Which of the following muscles is the most powerful muscle involved in the process of chewing or manipulating food in the mouth?

Masseter

Which of the following is/are the major action(s) of the anterior neck musculature?

All of the answers are correct

The _ pulls the eyebrow skin inferiorly and medially, and wrinkles the brow

Corrugator supercili

The muscle that assists in mastication, and is also useful to musicians, as in playing a trumpet, is the _ muscle

Buccinator

A muscle that elevates the corner of the mouth and draws it laterally is the

Zygomaticus major

Which two muscles must contract in order to get the eyes to rotate to the right

Lateral rectus of the right eye and medial rectus of the left eye

The erector spinae muscle group that is located most medial to the vertebral column is the…

Spinalis group

Which of the following muscles can be found between the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius

Scalenes

The deepest lateral layer of the abdominal muscles is the ____

Transverse abdominis

If you contract your right sternocleidomastoid muscle, what movement would you expect?

You would turn your head to the left

All of these muscles, except one, adduct the arm. Which of the following muscles is the exception?

Supraspinatus

Which of the following is NOT one of the muscles of the hypothenar group of the intrinsic hand muscle?

Extensor pollicis brevis

The posterior muscle of the back that can extend, adduct, and medially rotate the shoulder is the…

Latissimus dorsi

Which intrinsic muscle(s) of the hand flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints, and also produces extension at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints?

Lumbricals

Which muscle originates at the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts near the tibial tuberosity

Sartorius

Which powerful hip flexors originate alongside the iliac fossa and the inferior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Iliopsoas group of the thigh

With three seconds left on the clock, Mia breaks free and scores the winning goal. Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for extending the leg for kicking?

Quadriceps femoris

Which of the following muscles is in the lateral compartment of the leg

Fibularis longus

You often hear of athletes who suffer a pulled “hamstring”—to what does this phrase refer?

Semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus damage

If the CNS were susceptible to a drug that should not affect it, this might indicate damage to which of the following cells

Astrocytes

Interneurons

All of the answers are correct

A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n) _ neuron

Autonomic motor

Sensory neurons of the PNS are

Unipolar

In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves by

Forming a cellular cord that directs axonal regrowth

The “rami communicantes” exist for spinal nerves

T1–L2

A tumor is located in a young boy’s brain. Symptoms include the inability to swallow and detect odors. What is most likely location of the tumor?

In the mammillary bodies

Sally has a brain injury, she knows what she wants to say but can’t vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the

Broca’s area

When a person is walking, which structure(s) control(s) the cycles of arm and leg movements that occur between the time the decision is made to “start walking” and the time the “stop” order is given

Caudate nucleus and putamen

The lateral rectus muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN VI (abducens)

Select the association that is most closely matched

Posterior gray horns — visceral sensory nuclei

Which of the following does NOT limit the regeneration of the CNS axons?

CNS axons lack the myelin sheath needed for regeneration

Following an injury to his arm, a patient complains that he has no sensations from the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger anteriorly. You suspect that he has damaged the

Median nerve

From medial to lateral, brachial plexus structures are organized as which of the following

Roots–trunks–divisions–cords–nerves

If the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed

Sensory input would be blocked

If a person has a crush injury to the C3–C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he

Might be unable to breathe on his own

Following an injury to his arms, a patient complains that he cannot extend the forearm, wrist, and digits. You suspect that he has damaged the

Radial nerve

A post-menopausal woman with osteoarthritis of the left hip underwent a total hip replacement. After surgery she suffered total paralysis of the left quadriceps muscle group and radiating pain along the posterior thigh. What two nerves were most likely damaged?

Femoral nerve and sciatic nerve

All of the following are true of muscle spindles EXCEPT they

Are found in tendons

Which of the following symptoms is likely in an individual with injury to the axillary nerve

Difficulty abducting the arm

Which structures of the medulla oblongata pass somatic sensory information to the thalamus

Cuneate nucleus and gracile nucleus

Sensory and motor nuclei for which cranial nerves exist in the pons

CN V, CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII

The ____ provides taste sensations from the posterior third of the tongue and has special receptors monitoring the blood pressure and dissolved gas concentrations within major blood vessels

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Which is the only cranial nerve that innervates visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

CN X (vagus)

Which of the following cranial nerves have mixed sensory and motor functions

CN VII, CN IX

The ventral nuclei in the thalamus

Relay information from the basal nuclei to the parietal lobe

Which of these is NOT a factor that influences regeneration of PNS axons

Distance of the damaged axon from the brain

You walk into a restaurant and amidst the sights, sounds, and smells of food preparation, you begin to salivate. Which type of neural circuit has been activated?

Converging

An infant was diagnosed as having hydrocephalus. It was determined there was a blockage in the cerebral aqueduct. How would this affect the normal flow of CSF?

CSF would not flow properly from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

A functional MRI scan reveals that the left and right cerebral hemispheres are not able to communicate directly. This may indicate damage to

Commissural fibers

Which portion of the brain ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern leading to smooth, coordinated movements?

Cerebellum