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unknown functional group tests
unknown functional group tests
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20 Terms
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1
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bromine/CCl4: decolorization of the solution
alkenes
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flame test: black, sooty smoke
aromaticity
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beilstein test: green flame
halogens (except fluorine)
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silver nitrate test: immediate precipitate
benzylic, allylic, and tertiary alkyl halides
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silver nitrate test: precipitate with heat
primary and secondary alkyl halides
6
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chromic acid test: immediate blue-green color
primary or secondary alcohols or aldehydes
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lucas test: form precipitate within two min
benzylic, allylic, or tertiary alcohol
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lucas test: form precipitate wafter ten min
secondary alcohol
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ferric chloride test: red, blue, purple, green color
phenol
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bromine-water test: disappearance of yellow coloration
phenol (aromatic compounds will give false positive)
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2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) test: yellow precipitate
non-conjugated carbonyl of an aldehyde or ketone
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2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) test: orange, red precipitate
conjugated carbonyl of an aldehyde or ketone
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tollens test: silver mirror
aldehyde
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iodoform test: yellow precipitate
methyl ketone (ethanol and acetaldehyde will give false positives)
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sodium bicarbonate test: bubbles
carboxylic acid
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hinsberg test: soluble in NaOH
primary amine
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hinsberg test: insoluble in NaOH and HCl
secondary amine
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hinsberg test: insoluble in NaOH, soluble in HCl
tertiary amine
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hydroxyl amine/ferric chloride test: red, purple coloration
ester (phenols give false positive, so use hydroxyl amine hydrochloride)
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iron (II) hydroxide test: red-brown, brown precipitate
nitro group